中文摘要：

植物寄生线虫严重危害农业生产,对全球作物产量造成重大经济损失。植物对线虫的抗病和感病性作为作物生产中的关键性影响因子,一直是作物遗传育种学家研究的重要课题之一,探明植物对线虫抗病和感病性的内在机理对于指导作物抗线虫育种具有重要的理论意义和实践价值。本文综述了影响植物对线虫抗病和感病性的内在因素,包括植物抗性基因或蛋白、激素合成与信号传导以及线虫胁迫过程中产生的活性氧等信号传导。国内外近年来的研究认为,植物对线虫的抗病或感病性取决于多种信号通路间的协调互作,各种与线虫抗性相关的信号通路间的交互对话构成了复杂的信号传导网络,多种转录因子与小RNAs通过转录、转录后以及翻译参与了信号传导网络的精细调控,这一高效控制的信号传导网络决定了寄主植物对线虫的抗病或感病性。这些研究成果将为深入阐明植物与线虫互作的信号传导和调控机制奠定基础,从而为植物线虫防控新策略的制定提供理论依据。

英文摘要：

Plant parasitic nematodes pose a serious threat to agricultural production and result in significant economic losses in crops worldwide.A key factor in crop production is plant resistance or susceptibility to nematodes;therefore,this has been an important subject for researchers in the areas of crop genetics and breeding.Understanding the mechanisms of plant resistance or susceptibility to nematodes is of great theoretical significance and practical value to guide the breeding of nematode-resistant crops.In this paper,the mechanisms underlying plant resistance or susceptibility to nematodes are reviewed,including specific plant resistance genes or proteins,plant hormone synthesis and signaling pathways,and reactive oxygen signals that are generated in response to nematode attack.In recent years,many researchers have suggested that plant resistance or susceptibility to invading nematodes and nematode-secreted effectors is mainly determined by the coordination of different signaling pathways.Many studies have shown that crosstalk among various nematode resistance-related ele-ments represents an integrated signaling network regulated by transcription factors and small RNAs at the transcriptional,posttranscriptional,and translational levels.Ultimately,the outcome of this highly controlled signaling network determines the resistance or susceptibility of the host plant to nematodes.These above-mentioned results lay the foundation for further research on the signal transduction and regulation mechanisms involved in the plant-nematode interaction,and thus,provide a theoretical basis for the development of new strategies to prevent and control plant nematodes.