中文摘要：

肿瘤免疫治疗是目前肿瘤领域的研究热点，是一种疗效显著的肿瘤治疗模式。程序性死亡受体PD-1（programnmd cell death—1）是一种重要的免疫抑制分子，主要在激活的T细胞和B细胞中表达。肿瘤细胞中高表达PD-1的配体PD—L1，导致肿瘤微环境中PD-1通路持续激活。PD-1／PD-L1抑制剂可以阻断PD-1与PD—L1的结合，阻断负向调控信号，使T细胞恢复活性，从而增强免疫应答。近期研究发现PD-1和PD-L1的抑制剂在多种肿瘤类型中疗效显著。本文对PD-1／PD—L1抑制剂的现况及其对不同肿瘤类型，临床疗效的研究进展进行综述。

英文摘要：

Tumor immunotherapy is highlighted in tumor studies and has a remarkable curative effect on tumors. Programmed cell death-1 （PD-1）, which is mainly expressed in activated T and B cells, is an important immune inhibitory molecule. Its ligand PD- L1 could be highly expressed in cancer cells, and the PD-1 pathway shows sustained activation in a tumor micro-environment. PD-1/ PD-L1 inhibitors can block the combination of PD-1 and PD-L1, inhibit negative to regulatory signals, and restore the activity of T cells, thereby enhancing immune response. Recent studies showed that PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors have been effective in many tumor types. This review summarizes PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and their clinical effects on different tumor types.