中文摘要：

近年来不少历史文化名村在进行经济发展和大规模建设过程中，忽略了历史文脉的科学保护，对历史文化名村的传统风貌、建筑等造成很大程度的破坏．本文以山西历史文化名村师家沟为例，探讨了古村落的基本结构与空间环境特征，提出古村落的保护不仅要研究村落同自然环境的关系，同时也要研究村落的历史文化，准确的把握古村落的空间特色、文化内涵、价值定位，这是做好古村落保护的最基本的条件，同时也是保护规划的切入点．

英文摘要：

In the economic development and massive construction in recent years, the absence of scientific protection of historical context has caused great damage to the traditional buildings of historical and cultural villages. Take Shijiagou--a famous historical and cultural village in Shanxi--as an example, the paper discusses the basic structure and environmental features of ancient villages, and suggests that the study of their relationship with the natural environment and the study of their history and culture are necessary to their protection. Accurate knowledge about their spacial features, cultural connotations and values is the basic condition and the starting point for planning the protection of ancient villages.