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中文摘要：
RNA干扰（RNAi）是一种疾病治疗的新途径，其中小干扰RNA（siRNA）可破坏mRNA的完整性，抑制疾病相关基因的表达，而开发安全有效的siRNA传递载体仍面临巨大挑战。相较于病毒载体系统，非病毒载体系统安全性高、负载量大、生物相容性好，更适用于疾病治疗。综述了可用于siRNA传递的一些非病毒载体f包括脂质体、细胞穿膜肽、水凝胶、树枝状大分子、磷酸钙、碳纳米管等），阐述了载体与siRNA的结合，靶向疾病组织或细胞并诱导特异基因沉默的机制、瓶颈问题等。
英文摘要：
RNA interference （RNAi） is a new mechanism triggered by small interfering RNA （siRNA）, which represents a promising gene therapy strategy by destroying the integrity of the complementary mRNA in the cytoplasm, causing sequence-specific posttranscriptional gene silencing. Systemic siRNA therapy is hampered by inefficient delivery of its carrier. Compared with viral-based delivery systems, non-viral-based delivery systems are safer, and have higher load, greater cellular compatibility, so they are more suitable for clinical application. In general, the non-viral carriers include cation lipid-based carriers, cation cell-penetrating peptides, dendrimers, cation polymers, inorganic nanomaterials. This review describes the recent types and advantage in siRNA delivery using non-viral-based siRNA delivery systems.
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