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中文摘要：
目的 比较脉冲高强度聚焦超声（pulsed high-intensity focused ultrasound,PHIFU）与连续高强度聚焦超声（continuous high-intensity focused ultrasound,CHIFU）表面消融模式的消融效果,探讨优化HIFU表面消融模式的辐照策略。方法 将40块牛肝组织按辐照方式不同分为A组（30块,PHIFU表面消融模式）和B组（10块,CHIFU表面消融模式）,A组再按占空比均分为A1（10%）、A2（30%）、A3（50%）3个亚组,每个亚组10块。B超监控下,A、B组分别采用PHIFU与CHIFU表面消融模式对靶区进行辐照,辐照同时记录靶区内部温度,辐照后观察靶区边缘及其内、外未辐照区损伤情况,测算能效因子并分析温度时间曲线。
英文摘要：
Objective To compare the effect of surface ablation with continuous high-intensity focused ultrasound （CHIFU） and pulsed high=intensity focused ultrasound （PHIFU） and investigate the optimization of surface ablation mode with HIFU. Methods Forty samples of fresh bovine liver tissues were divided into group A （n=30） and group B （n=10） for surface ablation with PHIFU and CHIFU, respectively. According to the duty cycles, the samples in group A were divided into 3 equal subgroups with duty cycles of 10% （group A1）, 30% （group A2）, and 50% （group A3）. With ultrasonographic guidance, the target areas in the liver tissues were irradiated with PHIFU and CHIFU for surface ablation, and the temperature changes in the geometric center of the target area were recorded. After ablation, tissue damages in the peripheral area and the areas within and outside the target area were observed, the energy efficiency factor （EEF） was calculated, and the temperature-time curve was analyzed. Results Compared with that in group B, the EEF in the 3 subgroups in group A all reduced significantly （P〈0.05）, and the reduction became more prominent as the duty cycles increased. Thermal damage outside the target area was observed only in group B. In each group, confined lesions were formed following the ablation, and the irradiated areas showed liquid necrosis in subgroup A1 and coagulation necrosis in the other groups. Within the target area of ablation, the tissue damage was intensified as the duty cycle increased, and the peak temperature in the center of the target area exceeded 60 ℃ in all the groups only with the exception of group A1. Conclusion Compared with CHIFU surface ablation, PHIFU surface ablation has a greater ablation efficiency and reduces tissue damage outside the target area. In PHIFU peripheral ablation, the temperature and tissue damage of the non-irradiated internal tissue within the target area can be controlled by adjusting the duty cycles.
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