中文摘要：

企业生产效率是经济管理领域的核心话题，但对生产效率差异问题的研究却一直少有探讨。基于Melitz的异质企业模型，建立行业进入成本与生产效率的理论模型，证明行业进入成本减少了竞争，进而可能导致该行业生产效率较低。选用中国29个行业1999—2009年的企业微观数据进行实证研究，估计结果也证实了进入成本-9企业效率的负相关关系，进入成本是导致企业生产率异质的一个重要原因；此外工资水平、出口规模和研发投入也显著影响了企业效率。

英文摘要：

Enterprise production efficiency is a core topic in the field of economic management, but there has been a little discussion about the difference of production efficiency. In thhis paper, based on the Melitz＇s heterogeneous enterprise model, we establish the theory model of industrial entry cost and production efficiency, and prove that the industrial entry cost can reduce competi- tion, which may lead to the lower industry production efficiency. We also select enterprise micro data of 29 industries from 1999 to 2009 in China and make an empirical research, it shows the nega- tive correlation between fixed entry cost and enterprise efficiency. Industrial entry cost is an impor- tant source for leading to the enterprise productivity heterogeneity, in addition, salary level, export scale and R＆D investment also has an obvious effect on the enterprise efficiency.