中文摘要：

目的：食管鳞癌（ESCC）在东亚地区占主要地位,大约一半的ESCC病例发生在中国.虽然食管鳞癌的诊断和治疗取得了较大的进步,但预后仍不理想,其精确调控机制仍有待于进一步研究和探索.MicroRNAs（miRNAs）是一组能够在转录后水平调控基因表达的非编码小RNA,不同的肿瘤类型和致癌途径中,miRNAs表达失调控,呈现出表达上调、下调或缺失,显现出类似于癌基因或抑癌基因的功能.本研究综述了miRNAs在ESCC中的表达、功能、机制及治疗前景的相关进展.

英文摘要：

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma（ ESCC） dominates in East Asia,and almost one-half of ESCC cases in the world occur in China. Despite improvements in both diagnostic and therapeutic techniques,ESCC continues to show a poor prognosis. Therefore,the molecular mechanisms responsible for the deregulation in ESCC needs further research and investigation.MicroRNAs（ miRNAs） represent a class of small,non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional levels. Studies showed that the dysregulation of miRNAs presents up- or down-regulation and deletion in different oncogenic pathways and / or various types of cancers,indicating that some miRNAs may serve as oncogenic or tumor suppressor genes. In this review,we summarize the related research progress on expression,function,mechanism and therapeutic prospect of miRNAs in ESCC.