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我国农业生产中化肥施用效率的时空变化与提升途径研究

ISSN号：1002-4433
期刊名称：《世界农业》
时间：0
分类：F323[经济管理—产业经济]
作者机构：[1]南京农业大学经济管理学院,210095
相关基金：本文是国家自然科学基金项目“劳动力成本上升背景下农业生产方式转变与结构调整研究”(71473123),“新时期农业发展的国家政策支持体系研究”(71333008)和国家社会科学基金项目“加快构建新型农业经营体系研究”(14ZDA037)的阶段性成果.

关键词：化肥施用效率, 化肥削减潜能, 随机前沿分析, Fertilizer Use Efficiency, Fertilizer Reduction Potential, Stochastic Frontier Analysis

中文摘要：

本文采用随机前沿生产函数，测算了我国农业化肥施用效率，并从时间和空间两个维度计算了在产出和其他投入不变时，农业化肥的削减潜能。在此基础上，采用Tobit模型考察了提高农业化肥施用效率的途径。主要结论有：当前我国农业化肥施用效率仍有较大的提升空间；农业化肥施用效率地区间差异明显，呈现出东北、中部、西部、东部依次递减的格局，而且各地区的农业化肥施用效率均呈现出递减趋势；如果能够消除化肥施用效率损失，在保持产出与其他投入不变的情况下，我国化肥施用潜在削减量较大，其中，山东、河南、安徽、江苏和广西等粮食主产省的潜在削减总量最大。根据本文的研究结果，实现化肥减量化目标可以采取以下措施：适当提高化肥价格，促进化肥品质提升；进一步深化规模化种植，以获取更多的农业收益；加强农业基础设施建设，以能更好的实现化肥的肥效，减少肥力流失。

英文摘要：

This paper use a translog production function investigate the efficiency of fertilizer in agricultural,than estimate the potential of reducing fertilizer usage for each province in each year,and further exam the determinants of fertilizer efficiency using a Tobit model.The main results include:At present,china's agricultural fertilizer application efficiency is still a big room for improvement;We find significant regional heterogeneity in fertilizer efficiency,and east China has lowest efficiency while north-east China has highest efficiency;Given the output and other inputs unchanged,the total fertilizer input has a huge room for reduction,of which the main crop area such as Shandong,Henan,Anhui,Jiangsu,and Guangxi have more potential to reduce fertilizer usage.Based on the research results,to achieve the goal of reducing fertilizer can take the following measures:First,appropriatly increasing fertilizer prices,promote fertilizer quality improvement.Second,further deepen the scale of planting to obtain more agricultural benefits.Third,improving the construction of agricultural infrastructure to realize the fertilizer efficiency of fertilizer and reduce the loss of fertility.

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