中文摘要：

合资企业管理面临的重要挑战是如何解决社会困境问题,即合资伙伴面临最大化自身利益与最大化整个合资企业利益之间的矛盾,困境管理能力直接影响着合资企业的有效运作。文章从交易成本理论的视角对造成合资企业社会困境问题的诱因和机理进行了全面解释,特别定义了合资企业的成本因素所包含的三部分内容并将其概念化（即伙伴选择成本、专用性资产和攫取准租成本）。通过对226家中国制造业企业的调查数据实证分析显示,三种成本因素对合作都产生正向显著影响,尤其是伙伴选择成本在三个成本因素中对其影响最大。攫取准租成本和合作都会显著影响机会主义行为。同时研究结果表明进行充分的伙伴选择能促进专用性资产投资。

英文摘要：

For joint venture management,a primary challenge is how to settle a social dilemma,which manifests itself in the sense that joint venture partners would encounter a conflict between maximizing their own interests only（ opportunism） and maximizing the interests of the whole alliance. And social dilemma management capability directly affects joint ventures＇ effective operation.This paper made a comprehensive explanation to the cause and mechanism of the Social Dilemma of Joint Ventures from the perspective of transaction cost theory. In particular,the three components（ i. e.,partner selection cost,asset specificity and extorting rent cost） constructing cost of joint ventures are defined and conceptualized in this paper. Based on empirical evidence on a survey of226 Chinese manufacturing enterprises,this study demonstrates that all the three costs are positively related to cooperation among joint venture partners. Particularly,partner selection cost exerts the most significant influence on joint venture partner＇s cooperation.The results also reveal that opportunistic behavior is significantly affected by extorting rent cost and cooperation. The finding shows that conducting sufficient partner selection increases the probability of specific asset investment.