中文摘要：

基础教育学制改革是基础教育改革的重要主题之一,建国六十多年来,我国基础教育学制屡经改革,积累了宝贵的经验和惨痛的教训。在历史经验方面,主要有：紧扣国情,着力建立有中国特色的社会主义学制体系;采取因地制宜的学制改革策略;注重整合专家与科研团体的力量;注重开展学制改革实验;始终以促进社会发展为主要价值导向。在历史教训方面,主要表现在：改革手段与目的未充分统一;未处理好学制改革与学生身心发展规律之间的关系;没有与基础教育整体改革相配合;行政干预太强。梳理建国以来我国基础教育学制改革的经验与教训,对当前我国学制改革具有重要的启迪意义。

英文摘要：

The school system reform is an important theme of basic education reform. New China has experienced school system reforms repeatedly in the past 60 years,and a lot of valuable historical experience as well as lessons are accumulated. The historical experience can be summed up as follows：（ 1） School system of socialism with Chinese characteristics is set up according to the national conditions;（ 2） Strategies suiting to local conditions are adopted;（ 3） Focus is placed on integrating the forces of experts and scientific research groups;（ 4） Many educational reform experiments are carried out;（ 5） Promoting social development is value-oriented. The lessons mainly are：（ 1） The means and the targets of school system reform are not fully unified;（ 2） Failure in dealing with the relationship between physical and mental development of students;（ 3） Failure in matching the overall reform;（ 4） Excessive administrative intervention. It has significance to our current educational system reform by combing the experience and lessons.