中文摘要：

农作物秸秆是自然界中数量极大的可再生资源,本研究以农作物秸秆为反应原料,采用无污染蒸汽爆破技术活化预处理,然后进行乙酰化反应,通过溶剂萃取分离并制备出高附加值的醋酸纤维素。实验结果表明：秸秆汽爆后明显增加了反应活性,制备醋酸纤维素的适宜条件是123℃,2h,催化剂用量为7%;汽爆秸秆中性洗涤剂处理后的乙酰化结果效果最好;不同汽爆秸秆中小麦秸秆乙酰化效果最佳;优化实验条件下,秸秆醋酸纤维素聚合度均在120以上,取代度2.80以上;并且用红外图谱、1HNMR进行了表征。与目前工业上采用α-纤维素含量较高的高级浆为反应原料相比,不仅原料和预处理成本大大降低,而且工艺流程简单。

英文摘要：

The crop straw resources are very plentiful in nature. In this paper the crop straws were used as raw material for acetylation after activation with unpolluted steam explosion. According to different solubilities of acetylated products, cellulose acetate were prepared by solvent extraction. The results indicated that the reaction activity increased dramatically after steam explosion, and the best reaction condition was that the straws were acetylated at 123℃ for 2 h in the presence of 7% catalyst. After pretreatment of steam exploded straw with a neutral detergent, good result of acetylation for crop straw could be obtained. The acetylation-conversion and mass increase were enhanced most for wheat straw. The degree of polymerization and substitution of cellulose acetate achieved were over 120 and 2.80 respectively. The product was characterized with IR and ＇ H NMR. Compared with high a-cellulose as raw material, not only the cost was very low , but also the process was simplified greatly.