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中文摘要：
在室温条件下,采用超声辅助电化学方法合成了几种三维铂纳米电催化剂.利用透射电子显微镜（TEM）、X射线粉末衍射（XRD）以及电化学测试对该三维铂纳米电催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,这些铂纳米电催化剂的形貌、结构可以通过添加不同的形貌控制剂来调控,在水溶液、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）溶液和十六烷基三甲基氯化铵（CTAC）溶液中分别得到了立方海绵状铂、分枝状铂和球形多孔状铂.其中,球形多孔状铂纳米电催化剂由于其多孔的结构,因此具有更高的电化学活性面积,对氧气还原和甲醇氧化反应具有更好的催化作用.
英文摘要：
An ultrasonic assisted electrochemical method was used for the shape-controlled synthesis of platinum electrocatalysts at room temperature.The 3D platinum cubic spongelike particles,branched particles and spherical porous particles were prepared with or without shape controlling agents,such as polyvinyl pyrrolidone （PVP） and cetyltrimethyl ammonium chloride （CTAC）,respectively.The transmission electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction and electrochemical measurements showed that the morphology,microstructure and electrocatalytic activities of these platinum electrocatalysts could be changed by shape control agent.In addition,the electrocatalytic properties of these platinum electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction and methanol oxidation reaction were systematically investigated.The results showed that spherical porous particles had a higher electrochemical active surface,which resulted in the better and more stable electrocatalytic properties than other 3D platinum electrocatalysts.
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