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炭黑填充导电橡胶的温度传感器灵敏系数

ISSN号：1000-3851
期刊名称：复合材料学报
时间：2012.1.1
页码：30-35
分类：TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] TP212[自动化与计算机技术—控制科学与工程;自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]
作者机构：[1]合肥工业大学电子科学与应用物理学院,合肥230009, [2]中国科学院合肥智能机械研究所,合肥230031, [3]中国科学技术大学自动化系,合肥230027
相关基金：国家自然科学基金（60672024;61072032）;国家高技术研究发展计划（2007AA042220）
相关项目：一种新型的柔性压力/温度多功能阵列触觉传感器研究

关键词：复合材料, 温度特性, 灵敏系数, 炭黑, 导电橡胶, 柔性触觉传感器, composite, temperature characteristic, sensitive coefficient , carbon black, conductive rubber ~ flexibletactile sensor

中文摘要：

以通用有效介质理论为基础，给出了炭黑填充导电橡胶（导电炭黑／橡胶）的温度传感器电阻一温度计算模型。利用该模型得出材料的灵敏系数计算公式，并结合形变和电阻率的变化对正电阻一温度特性（PTCR）的影响分析材料的灵敏系数特性。结果表明：在炭黑分布均匀、体积分数在渗流体积分数附近等条件下，电阻一温度计算模型与实验吻合，表现出一致的PTCR变化规律。导电炭黑／橡胶的PTCR效应主要源于基体膨胀导致炭黑体积分数的稀释作用，若炭黑体积分数在渗流区，导电炭黑／橡胶的灵敏系数为280-420；当炭黑体积分数在传导区时，其灵敏系数为32．5-62．0。导电炭黑／橡胶的PTCR效应是热一形变与形变一电导过程的乘积效应，导电炭黑／橡胶的灵敏系数高，但其体积膨胀系数低，使材料的电阻温度系数较低。

英文摘要：

A formula of positive temperature coefficient of resistance （PTCR） of conductive rubber filled by carbon black （CB） used for temperature sensor was given by general effective media theory. The sensitive coefficient was analyzed by the equation of sensitive coefficient deduced from the formula of PTCR and the impact of the strain and resistivity on PTCR effect. The formula of PTCR is constant in the experiment when the CB is homogeneously dispersed and the volume fraction of CB is close to the critical threshold. A dilution of the volume fraction of CB due to the volume expansion of the composites has a significant influence on PTCR effect. When the volume fraction of CB is within the percolation zone, the sensitive coefficient is from 280 to 420, and it is from 32.5 to 62.0 when the volume fraction of CB is within the conductive zone. PTCR effect is a complex process of the heat - deformation and the deformation- conductivity. Due to the low coefficient of cubical expansion, the conductive carbon black/rubber has high sensitive coefficient, but the value of PTCR is low.

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