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中文摘要：
声子晶体和声学超构材料进一步拓展了自然界中声学材料的弹性波性质．这种人工的复合结构材料，由于其周期结构的布拉格散射和局域共振特性，使得其具有奇异的色散特征，在某些频段具有负的有效弹性参数，带来了许多新颖的声学传播效应，例如声子带隙效应、负折射效应、超棱镜效应、超透镜效应、异常透射效应、异常隔声效应等．与此同时，在声子晶体和声学超构材料表面，一类具有亚波长特性的声表面倏逝波也引起了人们的关注，研究其激发、传播、耦合的过程对揭示声子晶体和声学超构材料的奇异声传播效应的物理本质具有重要意义．声子晶体和声学超构材料作为一类新型的人工声学结构材料，在隔声、防振、热控制以及新型声学器件研发等方面具有巨大的应用前景．文章综述了近十几年来国际国内关于声子晶体和声学超构材料的研究进展，并对其未来的研究发展方向做一评述．
英文摘要：
Phononic crystals and acoustic metamaterials have extended the elastic properties of acoustic materials in the natural world. This kind of artificial composite material, due to local Mie resonance and Bragg scattering of the periodic structure, exhibits exotic dispersion characteristics, which leads to negative effective elastic parameters in certain frequency ranges; this gives rise to many fascinating acoustic effects, such as phononic band gaps, negative refraction, superprisms, superlenses, hyperlenses, extraordinary transmission, and extraordinary sound shielding. In the meantime, a type of acoustic surface evanescent wave with subwavelength characteristics on the surface of phononic crystals and acoustic metamaterials has attracted new attention, and research on its excitation, propagation and coupling is very important for understanding the physical essence of the novel propagation effects in these materials. As a new class of artificial acoustic medium, they should provide plentiful potential applications in acoustic isolation, vibration control, heat manipulation, and the development of new acoustic devices. This paper will review the research on phononic crystals and acoustic metamaterials over the last ten years, and discuss possible future developments.
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