中文摘要：

相干光断层扫描技术的应用对研究特发性黄斑裂孔（idiopathic macular hole，IMH）的发生、发展起到了重要作用。黄斑裂孔形成的双稳态假说对玻璃体黄斑牵拉导致裂孔两侧形态学变化进行了合理的解释。玻璃体切割术中内界膜手术方式的不断创新，如内界膜瓣翻转技术、保留中心凹内界膜的剥除术、自体内界膜移植术等使IMH的治疗方法多样化、成熟化，而目前药物玻璃体溶解术，尤其是重组微纤溶酶Ocriplasmin的应用对IMH的预防及治疗有着广阔的前景。本文就IMH的发生机制及治疗方法的研究现状作一综述。

英文摘要：

On the basis of optical coherence tomography （OCT） technique, the formation and development of idiopathic macular hole （IMH） can be well observed. A bistable hypothesis of full-thickness macular hole formation and closure has been postulated to explain this linkage of the morphological changes on the two sides of a full-thickness macular hole. The continuous innovation of different internal limiting membrane （ILM） peeling during vitreous-retinal surgery, such as the inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique, the foveola nonpeeling internal limiting membrane technique and the autologous transplanta- tion of the internal limiting membrane technique, can make macular hole closed better and patient＇ s visual function improved. In recent years, the pharmacologic vitreolysis, especially ocriplasmin, has gradual progress in the prevention and treatment of IMH. In this article we review the current research in the mechanism and treatment of IMH.