中文摘要：

研究目的：高铁行车密度大、天窗时间短,列车的高速运营对轨道系统的安全性和平稳性提出更高的要求。高架站轨道系统是高速铁路轨道系统安全服役中最敏感最典型的区域,为保障列车的安全平稳运行,需建立高速铁路高架站-无砟轨道-道岔长期监测系统,实现高架站轨道系统服役状态的实时在线监控,并对可能发生的破坏进行预测预警。研究结论：（1）高速铁路高架站长期监测系统包含数据测量、数据采集传输及数据管理分析三大子系统,实现了监测数据的自动采集、传输、分析、预警预测等功能;（2）系统采用光纤光栅技术监测轨道受力和小变形,采用视频感知技术监测轨道敏感部位大变形,系统测量精度高、安全防范性和长期稳定性好;（3）利用长期监测系统对尖轨尖端的纵向位移和轨道板温度梯度的实时监测,发现尖轨尖端的纵向位移变化趋势与轨温变化趋势相同,但滞后于轨温变化,轨道板表面和底面的温度则呈周期性昼夜交替变化;（4）该研究成果可为高速铁路轨道系统的病害整治和养护维修提供科学依据。

英文摘要：

Research purposes ：Because of big density of train and short window maintenance, the demand for the safety and stability of track system is higher with the high - speed running of train. Track system of elevated station is the most sensitive and typical area in the high - speed railway. To protect the safety and stability of the train, it is necessary to develop a automatic long - term monitoring system to real - time online monitor the status of high - speed railway track and provide prediction and early warning for the possible damage. Research conclusions： （1） The system has three subsystems including data measurement, data acquisition and transmission, data management and analysis. It has realized the functions of automatic acquisition and transmission, analysis, forecasting and early warning. （2） The system uses fiber grating technology to monitor the stress and small deformation of structure and applies video sensing technology to control sensitive part of track. The system has features of high precision, security and long -term stability. （3） Through monitoring the displacement of switch and temperature gradient of slab, the trends of displacement of switch is similar but late to the rail temperature, and the temperature of upper and lower surface of slab is periodically alternating. （4） The application of long - term monitoring techniques provides a scientific basis for track disease treatment and maintenance in high -soeed rail.