中文摘要：

目的通过41对双生子家系背景的调查积累，探讨双生子研究法引入中西医结合研究的可行性，重点对1对心脾两虚精神分裂症的双生子进行示范性研究。方法按现代遗传学的方法调查积累了41对双生子，鉴定其卵型、家系双生子对数、双生子的出生时间等，并重点进行西医疾病和中医证候诊断，从而筛选到可以进行病证结合研究的9对13个双生子，最后具体分析1对典型单卵双生子。蛄果获得家系图谱41张，1个家系中2对以上双生子占总调查对数的45％，41对双生子可以病证结合研究的有9对，其中双生子病证相同相近者3对6人。通过对心脾两虚的精神分裂症双生子研究可见，其天然的对称（对照）性，利于复杂证候的动态的时间空间观的分析。蛄论双生子是遗传与环境相互作用的特殊产物，同病同证的双生子样品具有可比性和可参照性，是研究证候基因组、病因病机、疗效评价的绝好天然模型，是高质量的科学基础材料。

英文摘要：

Objective It is to explore the feasibility of twin study made use of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine study according to the investigation of pedigree background of 41 pairs of twins, including one pair of schizophrenia twins with deficiency of both heart and spleen who were studied specially to set an example. Methods Ovum types, pairs of family twins, birth times of 41 pairs of twins were investigated and identified with modern genetics method. The twins＇ diseases and syndromes were diagnosed especially with western medicine and TCM respectively to find twins who can be researched with study of disease combined with syndrome, and at last one pair of typical twins was analyzed concretely. Results 41 family trees were obtained in which two and more twins in one pedigree were in the proportion of 45 %. There were nine pairs of twins who can be researched with study of disease combined with syndrome among the 41 pairs of twins including three pairs with similar diseases and syndromes. The study on the schizophrenia twins with deficiency of both heart and spleen showed that its natural symmetry was helpful for dynamic and temporospatial analysis of complex syndromes. Conclu- sion Twins is especial product of heredity and surroundings interaction. The sample of twins with the same disease and syndrome has the best comparability and reference. It is a good nature model to study syndrome and genome, disease cause and mechanism and evaluation of curative effect, and it is a good basic science material.