中文摘要：

背景：研究已经证实，上颌窦黏膜具有促进成骨的能力，上颌窦内膜与种植体之间的空间随着时间的延长会有新生骨的形成。 目的：通过对两种上颌窦提升术不植骨同期种植牙的研究，明确不植骨对两种上颌窦提升后种植体成活状态的影响。 方法：将上颌后牙区骨量不足的50例患者随机分成上颌窦外提升和上颌窦内提升两组，分别在不植入骨替代材料的情况下同期进行种植体的植入，共植入种植体60个，外提升组25个植体，内提升组35个植体。 结果与结论：在不植骨的情况下，60个种植体经过12个月的观察，59个植体正常行使功能，1例外提升的种植体术后松动，治疗失败。内提升组手术时间和出血量均显著少于外提升组（P 〈0.05）。两组患者的近期稳定性（术后12个月）比较差异无显著性意义（P 〉0.05）。术后12个月外提升组种植体周围的骨量增加显著少于内提升组（P 〈0.05）。结果说明不植骨在上颌窦的两种提升术中是可行的，而且能简化手术过程，减少治疗费用，但对种植体长期稳定性的影响有待进一步观察。

英文摘要：

BACKGROUND：Studies have demonstrated the maxilary sinus mucosa has an ability to promote bone formation, and over time, new bone can be formed in the space between the maxilary sinus intima and implant. OBJECTIVE：To compare the effect of opening sinus lifting and internal sinus lifting for immediate dental implantation without bone transplantation and to detect the survival of dental implants. METHODS： Fifty patients with insufficient bone in the maxilary posterior area were colected to undergo maxilary sinus lifting with simultaneous dental implantation without bone transplantation, and randomly divided into two groups, 25 in opening sinus lifting group and 35 in internal sinus lifting group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： After a 12-month folow-up, 59 implants functioned normaly, and 1 implant was loose after opening sinus lifting. The operative time and the amount of bleeding were significantly lower in the internal sinus lifting group than the opening sinus lifting （P〈 0.05）, but there was no difference in the short-term stability （postoperative 12 months） between the two groups （P 〉 0.05）. Twelve months after operation, the bone mass around the implant was significantly less in the opening sinus lifting group than the internal sinus lifting group （P 〈 0.05）. These findings indicate that maxilary sinus lifting techniques with simultaneous implants but without bone transplantation is feasible, which is characterized as simple operation process and less cost, but the long-term stability needs further observation.