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中文摘要：
为了解中国冬小麦种子市场的种子质量情况，连续三年（2013—2015）收集全国冬小麦主产区市场上的冬小麦种子样品共计756份，进行了种子发芽率普查和活力检测，并对与品种种子高活力相关联的物理性状进行了分析。结果表明，全国冬小麦种子标准发芽率在三年内有所提升，分别为83．6％、92．8％和93．0％；在不同地区收集到的同一冬小麦品种种子标准发芽率基本一致，但其耐盐性、抗旱性和耐老化能力均在地区间略有差异。在与种子活力有关的物理性状中，千粒重和种子厚度与种子活力相关性高且稳定。当种子萌发期条件较好时，千粒重49．54-50．30g、厚度3．23～3．29mm的冬小麦种子萌发较好；当种子萌发期逆境胁迫较强时，则应选择千粒重33．83～34．50g、厚度2．76～2．84mm的冬小麦品种。
英文摘要：
The conducted experiment intended to review the present quality of winter wheat seeds all around the seed markets in China, as well as to explore physical-vigor-related characteristics that the primary parameters of cultivar selection could have been based on. From 2013 to 2015,756 winter wheat materials were collected from different areas where there being growing and processing winter wheat as a dominant crop. Germination tests and vigor tests were conducted to give a census report on quality of winter wheat seeds. Physical characteristics were also measured to analyze their correlations with seeds vigor. The results revealed that the standard germination percentage was successively improved during the past three years （83.6% ,92.8% ,93.0%）. Those materials of the same cultivar but from different areas had the same level of standard germination percentage, while a slight divergence in germination percentage under salinity, draught and ageing conditions was observed. Some physical traits,especially both 1 000 kernel weight and thickness, were found to be highly correlated to seed vigor. With an average 1 000 kernel weight of 49.54-50.30 g and thickness of 3.23-3.29 mm,the selected cultivars will be expected to make a better performance if grown under mild environments. At the same time,if grown under rather tough environments,cultivars with 1 000 kernel weight of 33.83 -34.50 g,thickness of 2.76-2.84 mm should be selected in this experiment. This result will contribute to high seed vigor wheat breeding and cultivar selection.
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