中文摘要：

目的掌握3年贵州省医院感染现患率调查结果的变化趋势,制定科学的医院感染预防控制措施,以降低感染率。方法横断面调查2010、2012、2014年贵州省所有二级及以上综合性医院和专科医院的住院患者临床资料,按照＂医院感染现患率调查个案登记表＂采取床旁与病历调查相结合的方式进行,数据采用SPSS19.0软件进行统计分析。结果 2010、2012、2014年医院感染现患率,分别为3.49%、3.03%、2.35%,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=109.926,P〈0.05）;重症医学科为医院感染高发科室;感染部位以下呼吸道感染为主;革兰阴性菌位居医院感染病原体首位,占16.45%;3年抗菌药物使用率分别为55.52%、43.12%和39.24%,一联用药分别占60.88%、76.49%和79.32%,3年治疗用药率从51.58%上升至67.24%,使用抗菌药物病原体培养送检率分别为13.84%、28.31%和32.81%。结论现患率调查真实反映医院感染发生情况,可根据结果有针对性地采取措施,有效控制医院感染的发生。

英文摘要：

OBJECTIVE To understand the change trend of the prevalence rate of nosocomial infections in Guizhou province in the three years and formulate the scientific prevention measures of nosocomial infections so as to reduce the infection rate .METHODS A cross‐sectional survey was conducted for the clinical data of all the patients who were hospitalized in grade 2 or above general hospitals and specialized hospitals of Guizhou province in 2010 ,2012 , and 2014 ,the bedside investigation combined with review of medical records was carried out according to the case registration form for survey of prevalence rate of nosocomial infections ,and the statistical analysis was performed with the use of SPSS19 .0 software .RESULTS The prevalence rate of nosocomial infections was 3 .49% in 2010 , 3 .03% in 2012 ,2 .35% in 2014 ,and there was significant difference（χ^2 = 109 .926 ,P〈0 .05） ,the nosocomial infections were highly prevalent the critical care medicine department .The lower respiratory tract was the major infection site . The gram‐negative bacteria ranked the first place among the pathogens causing nosocomial infections ,accounting for 16 .45% .The utilization rate of antibiotics was 55 .52% in 2010 ,43 .12% in 2012 , 39 .24% in 2014 ;the patients who received one‐drug therapy accounted for 60 .88% in 2010 ,76 .49% in 2012 , 79 .32% in 2014 .The utilization rate of therapeutic antibiotics increased from 51 .58% to 67 .24% in the three years .The submission rate of culture of pathogens for use of antibiotics was 13 .84% in 2010 ,28 .31% in 2012 ,32 .81% in 2014 .CONCLUSIONS The investigation of the prevalence rate can reflect the actual status of prevalence of nosocomial infections .It is necessary to take targeted measures according to the investigation results so as to effectively control the nosocomial infections .