中文摘要：

目的探讨中国临床微生物室分析前质量控制的现状,分析医院感染病原学诊断水平,进而展望微生物室对医院感染管理的促进作用。方法 2016年4月参与全国统一部署调研,对187所医院临床微生物室与临床的沟通、标本采集及运送方式等培训、标本质量控制等方面进行调查,统计临床微生物室在参与医院感染管理工作中取得的成就及不足,展望其在医院感染控制中的发展与意义。结果参加调查的187所医疗机构中,有96所医院临床微生物室参与不同形式的临床医院感染病例会诊工作;132所微生物室开展标本采集、运送方式等培训;163所微生物室在痰培养前开展了常规痰涂片镜检,描述WBC是否吞噬或伴行革兰阳性菌、革兰阴性菌或真菌等情况的医疗机构有102所;血培养推行双侧双份的实验室有112所。结论临床微生物室应加强与临床沟通及分析前质量控制水平,促进对感染性疾病的诊断与治疗,推动医院感染学科的发展。

英文摘要：

OBJECTIVE To investigate the current situation of quality control before test in clinical microbiology la- boratory in China, and analyze the levels of pathogenic diagnosis of nosocomial infections, so as to predict the role of microbiology laboratory in the management of nosocomial infections. METHODS By participating in the unified deployment in Apr. 2016, we investigated the communication with the clinical departments, specimen collection and the shipping method, the quality control of laboratory samples carried out by clinical microbiology laboratory of 187 hospitals. The achievements and shortcomings in nosocomial infection management were summarized, and the development and meaning of nosocomial infection control were prospected. RESULTS Of the 187 medical insti- tutions, 96 medical institutions participated in medical consultation, 132 medical institutions conducted training in- cluding specimen collection and the shipping method, routine sputum smear microscopy before sputum bacterial cultures was carried out by 163 medical institutions, 102 medical institutions described whether gram-negative bac- teria, gram-positive bacteria, fungi were swallowed by WBC or not, and bilateral double in blood culture were pushed by 112 medical institutions. CONCLUSION The clinical microbiology laboratory should strengthen the communication with clinical departments and the quality control before test, so as to improve the levels of clinical diagnosis and treatment of infectious disease and promote HIC system.