中文摘要：

弱作用中宇称不守恒的发现改变了人们对物理世界对称性的基本观念。50年前的这一重大发现引发了物理学界对基本守恒定律的全面检验,导致了C,CP不守恒的发现;促进了弱作用理论的蓬勃发展,如提出了普适弱作用V-A理论,提出并检验了弱矢量流守恒等;从而迅速导致了弱作用和电磁作用的统一。本文较详细地回顾了1957年宇称不守恒的实验检验及其后的这一段历史,并从历史的角度对相关问题给出了适度的物理诠释;文末对弱作用作为天体和宇宙演化的调控者和地球上生命起源的可能触发者进行了简要评论。

英文摘要：

The discovery of the parity non-conservation changes the basic idea on the symmetry of our world. The important finds before 50 years brought about comprehensive tests of all fundamental conservation laws in physics, leading to the discovery of C and CP violations. It promoted the flourishing development of weak interaction theory, for example, the proposal of universal V-A theory of weak interaction ,the proposal and the demonstration of the conservation of weak vector current, and finally led to the unification of weak and electromagnetic interactions. In this article we commemorate the past after the experimental test of parity violation in 1957 and give some short comments on the related physical problems from the historical point of view. In the last sections the weak interaction as the regulator for the evolution of stars and universe and as the possible trigger for the production of the biological chirality on the earth is briefly reviewed.