中文摘要：

与表面活化剂和 freeze-drying 的联合，我们开发了二种 graphene 多孔的结构。在一方面，把肥皂水泡的泡沫用作模板，有富有的层次毛孔的三维的多孔的 graphene 海绵被综合了。材料的毛孔包含长度规模的三个层次，包括毫米，测微计和纳米。结构能被改变结冰媒介调节，调整激动人心的率或增加功能的添加剂。由 graphene 氧化物 / 表面活化剂暂停的直接 freeze-drying，在另一方面，有方向性地排列的毛孔的一个多孔的框架被准备。表面活化剂给 graphene 氧化物表的更好的分散，导致一个高特定的表面区域。两个获得的材料展出优秀吸收能力和好压缩性能，提供大量可能的应用程序，例如吸收剂，存储媒介，和搬运人。

英文摘要：

With the combination of surfactant and freeze-drying, we have developed two kinds of graphene spongy structures. On the one hand, using foams of soap bubbles as templates, three-dimensional porous graphene sponges with rich hierarchical pores have been synthesized. Pores of the material contain three levels of length scales, including millimeter, micrometer and nanometer. The structure can be tuned by changing the freezing media, adjusting the stirring rate or adding functional additives. On the other hand, by direct freeze-drying of a graphene oxide/surfactant suspension, a porous framework with directionally aligned pores is prepared. The surfactant gives a better dispersion of graphene oxide sheets, resulting in a high specific surface area. Both of the obtained materials exhibit excellent absorption capacity and good compression performance, providing a broad range of possible applications, such as absorbents, storage media, and carriers.