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东江流域非点源污染模拟及时空分布研究

ISSN号：1003-2363
期刊名称：地域研究与开发
时间：2015.4.10
页码：154-160
分类：X820[环境科学与工程—环境工程]
作者机构：[1]环境保护部华南环境科学研究所,广州510655, [2]中山大学水资源与环境研究中心,广州510275, [3]湖南农业大学环境科学与工程系,长沙410128, [4]华南理工大学土木与交通学院,广州510641
相关基金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项项目（2014ZX07602-004,2012ZX07206）; 环保部中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项项目（PM-zx021-201211-089）; 国家自然科学基金项目（51210013,51479216）
相关项目：快速城市化地区土地利用变化对流域水文过程的影响模拟与预测研究

关键词：非点源污染, 时空分布, HSPF模型, 东江流域, non-point source pollution temporal and spatial distribution HSPF Dongjiang River basin

中文摘要：

应用国外较成熟的半分布式水文模型HSPF,建立了东江流域径流与非点源污染模拟模型,在此基础上定量计算与分析了东江流域非点源污染的时空分布特征。结果表明：径流模拟的相对误差在10%以内,纳什效率系数大于0.8,泥沙以及非点源污染氨氮、总磷模拟的相对误差在15%以内,纳什效率系数大于0.6,所建立的基于HSPF的模型可以满足研究东江流域径流与非点源污染长期变化过程与时空分布特征的需要;丰水年是东江流域非点源污染物流失的关键年份,降雨对东江流域非点源污染过程影响很大,汛期是东江流域非点源污染防治的关键时期;东江流域氨氮、总磷非点源污染月负荷与月降雨量存在非线性相关,复合回归曲线可较好地拟合两者的时间变化;东江流域非点源污染的关键区域主要位于流域中下游源城区、博罗县、惠城区中耕地与建设用地集中的地块;各子流域非点源污染产生的氨氮、总磷浓度指标与耕地、园地、林地、建设用地面积比例存在显著的线性相关关系。

英文摘要：

Non-point source pollution has become one of the main reasons for the deterioration of water quality in China,and further studies on non-point source pollution such as simulation methods in medium and large scale basin are needed. The hydrological simulation program-fortran（ HSPF） was set up and calibrated for the Dongjiang River basin in the southern China,which was proved to be applicable to the study of the hydrologic regime and nonpoint source pollution of the Dongjiang River. Based on the model built in Dongjiang River basin,the non-point source pollution（ NPS） loads was evaluated and the discipline of temporal and spatial distribution of NPS loads was analyzed. The results indicate that（ 1） the relative average deviations and efficiency coefficients for the simulation of stream flow were less than 10% and more than 0. 8,respectively,and which for the simulation of sediment,ammonia nitrogen（ NH3-N） and total phosphorus（ TP） were less than 15% and more than 0. 6,respectively;（ 2）rainfall has significant influence on NPS loads in the Dongjiang River basin,and the flood season from May to August is the key period of controlling NPS;（ 3） the compound regression curve can fit well the monthly timeseries data of simulated NH3-N loads and observed rainfall,as is also TP loads and rainfall in the Dongjiang River basin;（ 4） NH3-N and TP loads from NPS per square kilometer were greater in the middle and lower reaches and areas with intensive agricultural and building lands,than other areas of the Dongjiang River basin;（ 5） there were significant linear correlations between NH3-N concentration and area ratio of cultivated land,garden,forest,construction land of each subbasins,respectively,and as is also TP.

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