中文摘要：

复杂系统人机交互中，在紧迫的时间压力下，操作者能否迅速而准确地对界面承载的大量信息作出反应是界面设计中有待研究的课题．文中针对时间压力对认知行为的影响，研究如何合理地使用编码方式达到界面优化设计．基于主观工作负荷测量法中变量的水平描述和视觉凝视，将时间压力设定为大、适中和小3种水平，对应的呈现时间分别为200ms，600ms和1000ms；通过实验分析时间压力对颜色和形状编码的认知影响，结果表明，在1000ms以内的时间压力下，颜色编码比形状编码的认知容量大、认知速度快．最后以A320飞机的电子集成监控系统仿真界面设计为例，验证了颜色编码在多个信息量快速识别中的改进作用．

英文摘要：

It is a studying worthy problem in interface design whether the operator can deal with lots of information quickly and correctly under time pressure in human-computer interaction of a complex system. How to use reasonable encoding models to optimize inter{ace design is researched in this paper, according to the influences of time pressures on cognitive behaviors. According to the variable- level description of the Subject Workload Assessment Technique and vision gaze, time pressures is divided into three levels as high, medium, low, and the presentation time of each level corresponds to 200 , 600 and 1000 ms. With the help of the experiment, the influences of time pressures on color and shape cognition are analyzed. The results show that the cognition of color was more and quicker than the cognition of shape under time pressures within 1000 ms. Finally, the improved effect of color encoding on rapid recognition of multiple messages was tested and verified, with the emulational interface design of A320 airplane Electronic Centralized Aircraft Monitor system as demonstrative object.