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桑沟湾浮游植物种类组成、数量分布及其季节变化

期刊名称：海洋渔业进展，2010，31（4）：1-9
时间：0
分类：S967[农业科学—水产养殖;农业科学—水产科学]
作者机构：[1]中国科学院海洋研究所海洋生态与环境科学重点实验室,青岛266071, [2]中国科学院海洋研究所胶州湾海洋生态系统国家野外研究站,青岛266071, [3]农业部海洋渔业资源可持续利用重点开放实验室中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,青岛266071
相关基金：中国科学院知识创新工程方向项目（KZCX2-YW-213-3）; 国家973课题（2006CB400606）; 国家自然科学基金（40821004）共同资助
相关项目：我国典型海域生态系统演变过程与机制

关键词：浮游植物, 种类组成, 细胞密度, 海水养殖, 桑沟湾, Phytoplankton Species composition Density Mariculture Sanggou Bay

中文摘要：

根据2006年4、7、11月和2007年1月4个航次的调查数据,分析了桑沟湾水域浮游植物种类组成、数量分布及其季节变化特征。调查期间共采集浮游植物28属92种（含变种和型）,主要由硅藻类（74种）和甲藻类（11种）组成。优势度指数分析显示,硅藻是绝对优势种。物种多样性Shan-non-Wiener指数全湾平均变化范围在1.91～2.74之间（春季〉夏季〉秋季〉冬季）。桑沟湾浮游植物的细胞密度及其水平分布格局的季节变化较大,细胞密度冬季最高（平均为188.4×104cells/m3）,春季（平均为63.0×104cells/m3）和秋季（平均为11.7×104cells/m3）次之,夏季最低（平均为9.2×104cells/m3）,冬、夏季数量中心在湾内近岸浅水区,春、秋季在位于海湾中部的贝藻养殖区。与历史资料对比显示,经过20多年的养殖活动,桑沟湾浮游植物种类数量下降、优势种发生演变,湾内海水养殖品种、数量以及养殖模式是影响浮游植物数量及其季节变化的主要因素。

英文摘要：

The species composition,density and seasonal variation of phytoplankton in Sanggou Bay were investigated in April,July and November,2006 and January,2007. There were 92 species belonging to 28 genera of phytoplankton collected during the surveys,which were mainly composed of diatoms （74 species） and dinoflagellates （11 species）. Dominance index analysis indicated that diatoms were the predominant species. Shannon-Wiener index of diversity ranged from 1.91 to 2.74 on seasonal average （Spring Summer Autumn Winter）. The phytoplankton densities and their distribution patterns varied in different seasons. The highest density was in winter （188.4×104 cells/m3 on average）. The densities were 63.0×104 and 11.7×104 cells/m3 on average in spring and autumn,respectively. The lowest density was in summer （9.2×104 cells/m3 on average）. For the horizontal distribution patterns,phytoplankton was more abundant in the coastal shallow waters of the bay in winter and summer,whereas the higher densities were found in the shellfish-kelp mixed culture areas which located in the center of the bay. Compared to the historical data,the species quantity and density of the phytoplankton obviously declined in Sanggou Bay after more than 20 years＇ mariculture. The density of culture species and culture technology had significant influences on the quantity and seasonal distribution of phytoplankton.