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Liquefaction macrophenomena in the great Wenchuan earthquake

ISSN号：1671-3664
期刊名称：Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration
时间：0
页码：219-229
语言：英文
分类：P315.9[天文地球—地震学;天文地球—固体地球物理学;天文地球—地球物理学] TU471.8[建筑科学—结构工程;建筑科学—土工工程]
作者机构：[1]Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake Administration, Harbin 150080, China, [2]East China Institute of Technology, Fuzhou 344000, China
相关基金：Supported by： National Natural Science Foundation of China Under Grant No.50638010; the Foundation of Ministry of Education for Innovation Group Under Grant No. IRT0518 Acknowledgement The authors gratefully thank Prof. Jingshan Bo, Prof. Zhenghua Zhou, Prof. Endong Guo, Prof. Aiwen Liu for providing photos and documents. Also the authors thank the Sichuan Earthquake Bureau and the local governmental institutions for their cooperation and kind help. All their help is sincerely appreciated.
相关项目：液化场地地震动变化规律和预测方法

关键词：液化现象, 地震烈度, 汶川, 唐山大地震, 中国内地, 砾石土壤, 非均匀分布, 地面沉降, Wenchuan earthquake, post-earthquake investigation, liquefaction, macrophenomena

中文摘要：

在 2008 年 5 月 12 日在 14:28，灾难的大小 M _{8.0 地震给中国的四川省以的 s} 。震中在 Wenchuan 被定位(31.00 ° N， 103.40 ° E ) 。液化宏现象和相应破坏在整个长的 500 km 和 200 km 的一个广阔区域被观察宽追随者地震。这篇论文说明在液化行为和地震紧张之间的液化和关系的地理分发，并且总结液化宏现象，包括沙沸腾和海上龙卷风，地面沉淀，地面裂缝等等，和相关液化展示。液化引起的结构的损坏的一篇简短摘要被介绍并且讨论。基于比较，液化现象在 1976 Tangshan 和 1975 Haicheng 地震观察了，初步的分析被执行，它揭示了液化行为的一些新特征并且联系了从这个事件产生的问题。地点调查显示液化分发的空间不一致是明显的，大多数液化地点位于地震紧张 VIII 的区域。然而，在在地震紧张 VI 的区域的十个不同地点的液化现象也在中国大陆第一次被观察。Sandboils 和海上龙卷风从厘米到十米，与在到 3 m 的 1 m 之间的大多数。戏剧性地高水位线喷射，例如，超过 10 m，在四个不同地点被观察。沙喷射包括了淤泥的沙，好沙，中等的沙，功课沙和石子，但是逐出的沙数量是不到那在 1976 Tangshan 地震。自然石子土壤的可能的液化在中国大陆第一次被观察。

英文摘要：

On May 12, 2008 at 14：28, a catastrophic magnitude M 8.0 earthquake struck the Sichuan Province of China. The epicenter was located at Wenchuan （31.00°N, 103.40°E）. Liquefaction macrophenomena and corresponding destruction was observed throughout a vast area of 500 km long and 200 km wide following the earthquake. This paper illustrates the geographic distribution of the liquefaction and the relationship between liquefaction behavior and seismic intensity, and summarizes the liquefaction macrophenomena, including sandboils and waterspouts, ground subsidence, ground fissures etc., and relevant liquefaction features. A brief summary of the structural damage caused by liquefaction is presented and discussed. Based on comparisons with liquefaction phenomena observed in the 1976 Tangshan and 1975 Haicheng earthquakes, preliminary analyses were performed, which revealed some new features of liquefaction behavior and associated issues arising from this event. The site investigation indicated that the spatial non-uniformity of liquefaction distribution was obvious and most of the liquefied sites were located in regions of seismic intensity VIII. However, liquefaction phenomena at ten different sites in regions of seismic intensity VI were also observed for the first time in China mainland. Sandboils and waterspouts ranged from centimeters to tens of meters, with most between 1 m to 3 m. Dramatically high water/sand ejections, e.g., more than 10 m, were observed at four different sites. The sand ejections included silty sand, fine sand, medium sand, course sand and gravel, but the ejected sand amount was less than that in the 1976 Tangshan earthquake. Possible liquefaction of natural gravel soils was observed for the first time in China mainland.

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