马德里、伦敦、莫斯科等城市地铁恐怖主义事件的发生,使得城市地铁系统的安全问题逐渐被提升到政策议程中.城市地铁恐怖主义风险的非预期性、低控制性以及高威胁性,使得研究城市应急准备具有重要的意义.试图从风险治理的视角,研究城市居民个体层面的应急准备,并将其应急准备行动分为两类:防护准备与疏散准备,深刻揭示影响其应急准备充分程度的关键因素.经过对北京市居民调查研究,发现城市居民地铁恐怖风险认知,是影响其应急准备行动的关键因素,同时,城市居民对地铁恐怖风险危害程度的认知与其应急准备程度呈逆向选择关系,即城市居民对地铁恐怖风险危害程度的认知水平越高,其应急准备程度反而越低,这与之前有关其他灾害应急准备的大量研究成果截然相反.试图从风险类型、居民对自身应急准备行动的悲观主义认知偏差、风险准备责任转移三方面进行解释.最后,提出了一些有关城市地铁恐怖风险沟通的政策建议,以提高城市居民应急准备行动的充分程度.
After the terrorist attacks in Madrid, London, and Moscow, safety management of metro system has attracted lots of attention from government, society, and residents. We need to pay more attention on the urban emergency preparedness because of the unexpected, low-control and high-severity of the subway' s terrorism. In the light of current literature researches about risk preparedness, this research distinguishes the defending preparative behavior and the evacuating preparative behavior, and explores the mechanism of the emergency preparedness from the perspective of urban residents. Depending on the survey on Beijing residents, the results indicate that the preparative behaviors are mainly influenced by risk perception, especially by risk severity, and one of our important new findings is that preparative behavior is negatively associated with risk severity, which is not consistent with lots of previous researches. Further, we explain this phenomenon from the aspects of the kinds of risk, 'pessimism on their own prepared behaviors coping with the incident, and the shift of their responsibilities. Finally, we propose some initiate policy implications for the government to communicate with the public.