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中文摘要：
风险社会背景下，预案的预测与控制功能使其成为消减不确定性的重要方式，而预案及其编制过程本身则带有悖论性，并加剧了应急管理制度风险。本文以预案功能与危机不确定性为基本维度，建立应急预案类型学分析框架，探讨作为符号操作的应急预案所产生的应急管理预案化、应急预案复制化、碎片化以及空想化风险，进而提出应急预案规范化、弹性化建设所需要的管理理念与操作原则。
英文摘要：
Disaster planning was treated as a method of anticipation and control to reduce un- certainties, however, plans and planning process itself produce institutional risk as well. This paper constructs a typology analytical framework based on planning function and uncertainty situation. On symbolic planning side, emergency management simplified as planning, emergency plans become duplicated, fragmented and fantasy documents. In order to reduce these risks, many strategies and principles were put forward to make a standard and flexible emergency plan.
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