中文摘要：

笔者构建包含土地与劳动要素的CES生产函数,考察农业要素丰裕度与技术进步偏向性对要素边际产出与收入分配结构的影响。通过三方程标准化供给面系统,利用中国1952—2011年农业部门的时间序列数据估计生产函数中的各参数,得到如下结论：（1）我国农业部门土地与劳动的要素替代弹性小于1,技术进步整体偏向于丰裕要素劳动;技术进步偏向性和要素丰裕度变化共同作用于要素相对收入份额,多数年份二者作用方向相反,但技术进步偏向性主导要素相对边际产出和收入份额变化。（2）我国农业部门要素丰裕度和技术进步偏向性对要素收入份额的作用呈较强的阶段性：1952—1983年,我国农业劳动要素丰裕度提高,使劳动收入份额下降1.5%,而技术进步劳动偏向性带动劳动收入份额上升6.3%。自1984年至今,我国农业部门劳动要素丰裕度持续下降,引致劳动收入份额上升2.4%,而土地偏向型技术进步使劳动要素收入份额下降5%。因此,为提高我国农业部门的劳动收入份额,应重视技术进步偏向性的作用。

英文摘要：

Based on the importance and specificity of agricultural sector in the distribution of factor income, this paper analyzes the effect of factor abundance and directed technical change on relative marginal product and factor income structure in agriculture, under the CES function of land and labor. Applying the three-equation normalized supply-side system,we estimate the parameters of production function with the SUR model and the results show that： （1）The elasticity of substitution between land and labor is less than 1 in agriculture. Technical change is biased to labor,which is relative abundant,while the institutional change induces the shift in direction of technical change. （2）The factor relative marginal product and income shares are shaped by directed technical change and factor abundance, and effects of the two are in reverse for most of the years. The directed technical change is the main cause of relative marginal product and income shares. Hence the labor-biased technical change improved the marginal product and income shares of labor. （3）The effects in agriculture show phased features： during the period of 1952--1983, an increase in relative abundance of labor in agriculture reduce the factor shares by 1.5 %, but the labor-biased technical change raise the labor share by 6.3 %. From 1984 to now,the relative abundance of labor in agriculture descend continuously,inducing the labor share rise by 2.4%. But the land-biased technical change lower the shares by 5%. Therefore, we should pay more attention to the role of technical change to raise the labor income shares in agricultural sector.