中文摘要：

发展中国家要素过度投入和无效配置现象普遍，前沿研究关注技术进步和要素配置对经济效率的影响，却并未重视非完全市场经济条件下要素错配可能会引发效率损失。文章以产业层面的劳动力错配为视角，利用1978—2010年数据考察我国分行业劳动力配置的扭曲程度并测算其对全要素生产率的影响。结果发现：无论是传统农业还是现代金融业，所有行业均出现要素错配现象且不同行业劳动力错配分化趋势明显，抑制了全要素生产率的增长，使其表现出多头“w”形变化趋势，并平均使全要素生产率降低20％左右。当然，这主要是劳动力有偏性配置、劳动报酬不平等和市场进入障碍的影响，使劳动力无法自由流动而引发不均衡配置所致。

英文摘要：

Excessive input and invalid allocation of factors are the common phenomenon in de- veloping countries. Frontier study focuses on the effects of technological progress and factor allo- cation on economic efficiency, but pays no attention to efficiency losses resulting from factor mis- match in an incomplete market economy. From the perspective of labor mismatch at industrial level, this paper studies the distortion of labor allocation in sub-sectors by the data from 1978 to 2010 and measures its effect on total factor productivity. It arrives at the following results： whether traditional agricultural industry or modern financial industry, there is a mismatch and the overall trend is clearly deteriorating in all industries, restricting the increase in total factor productivity and leading to W-shaped change trend of TFP and a reduction in TFP by about 20% on the average. of course, reasons mainly lie in unbalanced allocation resulting from un-free labor flow owing to the effects of biased labor allocation, payment gap and barriers to market entry.