中文摘要：

探寻劳动收入份额下降的原因对于解决中国要素收入分配结构失衡问题尤为关键．本文先从行业结构视角剖析工业部门要素收入份额变化．再利用CES生产函数下的三方程标准化系统法．估计1985--2011年工业部门要素替代弹性．测算技术进步偏向性及其对要素收入份额的影响。结果显示：中国工业部门要素收入份额的变化路径由技术进步偏向性所主导，行业结构的作用有限；整体而言，工业部门技术进步朝偏向于资本的方向发展。引致资本收入份额的上升和劳动收入份额的下降。且表现出阶段性特征．其中1985-1996年工业和制造业的技术进步明显偏向于劳动．带动劳动收入份额分别提升0．0504和0．0570,1997-2011年工业和制造业的技术进步转而偏向于资本．致使劳动收入份额分别下降0．1061和0．1246。为此．通过改变技术进步方向而提高劳动生产率和优化要素收入分配格局的作用效果更优。

英文摘要：

Finding the reason for the decline in labor share is significant to solve the problem that factor shares structure continues to be imbalanced. This paper analyzes the factor shares in China＇s industrial sector from the view of industrial structure, and then applies the three-equation normalized supply-side system under the CES function to estimate the elasticity of substitution in industrial sector during the period of 1985--2011, measures the directed technical change and its effect on factor shares. The results show that： the change of factor shares in China＇s industrial sector is dominated by directed technical change, and the effect of industrial structure is limited. Technical change in industrial sector is directed to capital, raising the capital shares and reducing the labor shares, and shows phased features. During the period of 1985--1996, the technical change is biased to labor in industrial sector and manufacturing, raising the labor shares by 0.0504 and 0.0570 respectively. From 1997 to 2011, the capital-biased technical change in the two sectors lower the labor shares by 0.1061 and 0.1246 respectively. Therefore, the role of directed technical change in raising the labor productivity and optimizing factor shares is important.