中文摘要：

为适应我国电网发展要求，我国正在建设多个大型多功能人工气候室，但人工气候室模拟环境与自然环境是否具有等价性是外绝缘设计关心的基础问题。在人工气候室模拟环境和高海拔自然环境条件下对0．5～1．5m的棒-板空气间隙正极性操作冲击放电特性进行了试验研究，根据试验结果分析根据1．0m间隙的人工模拟试验结果提出的基于气压和基于g参数法的放电电压校正方法的适应性。结果表明：根据1．0m间隙的人工模拟试验结果提出的2种新的校正方法不仅适用于1m的间隙，而且适用于0．5～1．5m空气间隙，但基于气压的校正方法更准确；在人工气候室自然湿度条件下进行高海拔低气压的试验得到的结果与高海拔自然环境下得到的结果一致；0．5～1．5m空气间隙放电电压与间隙距离的非线性关系指数为0．84。

英文摘要：

Some large multi-function artificial climate chambers are constructing to fit the development of the power network in China, but the equivalent capability between the natural condition and simulating condition in the artificial climate chambers is the basic problem considered in the design of external insulation. The positive switching impulse discharge performance was studied by the tests in the simulating condition in the artificial climate chamber and the natural condition in the high altitude areas, the applicability of the corrected methods basing on air pressure and basing on g parameter which was proposed by authors according to the test results obtained on 1.0 m air gap in the artificial climate chamber were analyzed. The results show that the two corrected methods are applied not only to the distance of shorter than 1 meter but also to the distance of 0.5-1.5 meter. But the corrected method basing air pressure is more exact. Unless the artificial humidity, the results of artificial simulating tests are accordant with those in natural conditions. There is a nonlinear relationship with a special index of 0.84 between the discharge voltages and the distances of air gaps.