中文摘要：

城市土地储备制度是城市土地使用制度改革不断深入而形成的城市土地市场制度,在城市经济社会发展中发挥着重要的作用,由此也引起了学术界的广泛关注。文章着重综述了我国城市土地储备的内涵、功能、运作过程、运作模式、融资及风险、规模及绩效评价等方面所取得的进展。研究表明：①我国土地储备的内涵与内容逐渐明晰,并不断深化与扩展,经营性城市土地储备模式已被引入到公益性城市土地储备与农业用地乃至耕地储备研究;城市土地储备对于增加财政收益、优化土地利用结构、提高城市土地配置效率等方面具有重要作用;②随着土地宏观调控的深入发展,已形成了市场主导型的上海模式、政府主导和市场运作相结合的杭州模式、行政指导、市场运作与土地资产管理相结合的南通模式、“双储双控”模式、社会储备模式等5种土地储备模式;③土地储备融资业已从财政拨款、银行贷款、土地权益置换、土地出让等传统模式,不断融入新的土地金融产品创新模式,包括土地基金、土地债券、土地信托等模式,为城市土地储备有效运作提供了有效保障,但新形式下土地储备风险也更为突出;④土地储备规模的定量研究和土地储备绩效评价是近期研究的热点问题,计量模型的运用深化了土地储备的研究。目前研究中存在着理论研究薄弱、定量分析不够、多学科综合研究不足等问题,为了更全面深入的了解城市土地储备的运作机理及其影响,应加强基础理论研究、多视角多学科的综合研究、深入的定量分析以及采用3S技术加强对土地储备时空变化的分析和变化趋势的模拟预测。

英文摘要：

The urban land reserve system, created in the late 1990s, is an innovation in urban land management in the context of Chinese economic reforms. As a method for the government to manage urban land, the urban land reserve arise from land use reforms, development of land markets, and reform of state-owned enterprises. Driven both by central government policy and by local authorities＇ interest in increasing local fiscal revenues, the urban land reserve system has recently progressed rapidly. More than 1600 urban land reserve institutions had been established by 2003. The establishment and implementation of these institutions has brought many social and economic benefits, and has been studied by Chinese scholars. This paper briefly introduces the main research on urban land reserves, including concept, function, process, model, financing, risk avoidance, scale, and performance evaluation. The following four topics have been widely discussed in recent years. First, the meaning and content of urban land reserves are being deepened and expanded, and the functions include regulating land development and sustaining land markets, improving the real estate market and steady development of the urban economy, enlarging financial revenues and improving urban capital construction, improving reform of state-owned enterprises, and promoting efficiency of urban land use. Second, the operational mechanism of urban land reserves is composed of land purchase, land reserve and land transfer, but the model of operation is different and there are five typical land reserve models. The Shanghai type of land reserve is directed by the market, Hangzhou＇s is dominated by both government and market, Nantong＇s is led by government and market combined with land management, Tianjin＇s includes urban land and farmland reservation and Nanjing has ＇society reserves＇. Third, at the beginning of implementation, the financing came from government revenue, commercial bank loans and land-benefit exchanges, and single financing channels were li