中文摘要：

脑缺血预处理（cerebral ischemia preconditioning,CIP）是指对脑组织采用机械刺激,如一次或多次短暂性、非致死性脑缺血再灌注刺激,启动脑组织产生内源性保护机制,将对致死性的缺血产生显著的耐受,从而减弱或阻止脑缺血缺氧引起的级联反应。这种现象又称为脑缺血耐受（cerebral ischemia tolerance,CIT）。脑缺血再灌注损伤（cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury,CIRI）是一种多种机制参与的临床病理生理过程,是指脑缺血导致脑细胞损伤,恢复血流再灌注后,其组织损伤和功能障碍反而进一步加重甚至发生不可逆性损伤的现象。脑缺血预处理对脑缺血再灌注损伤具有保护作用,该文就脑缺血预处理对脑缺血再灌注损伤保护作用的相关神经保护机制及重要通路进行综述。

英文摘要：

Cerebral ischemic preconditioning（CIP） is a method of endogenous mechanical stimulation of cerebral tissue,such as inducing the reperfusion stimulation by once,or repeatedly transient cerebral ischemia and non-fatal cerebral ischemia.In this way the cerebral tissue will produce the endogenesis defense mechanismThe cerebral tissue will generate significant tolerance of lethal ischemia,and weaken or block the cascade reaction induced by cerebral ischemia or cerebral anoxia.And this phenomenon is also called cerebral ischemia tolerance（CIT）.Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury（CIKI） is a physiological process of clinical pathology that is involoved in multipal mechanism.It could further aggravate the extent of cerebral tissue damage and dysfunction,and even irreversible damage occurs after restoration of blood flow and reperfusion.All in all,CIP plays a protective role to CIRI.This review will summarize the related neural protection mechanism and important pathways about CIP for CIRI protection.