中文摘要：

采用PCR产物直接测序法测定了10只绿孔雀和5只蓝孔雀的mtDNA细胞色素b基因516bp序列，结合已发表的孔雀细胞色素b基因序列数据进行了序列比较分析；以雉鸡和家鸡的同源序列为外群，采用NJ法和ME构建了系统发育树。结果表明蓝孔雀群体内遗传差异程度低于绿孔雀，绿孔雀和蓝孔雀之间的核苷酸差异的平均数为21．417，净遗传距离为0．039±0．01，推断出绿孔雀与蓝孔雀的分化时间至少为2．96百万年，从而在分子水平揭示出绿孔雀和蓝孔雀属于两个不同的物种。重建的系统树将所有序列聚为支持率较高的绿孔雀与蓝孔雀2大类群，显示云南的绿孔雀至少存在两种类型，且这两种类型可能达到了亚种分化水平，而白孔雀和杂色孔雀在分类上则属于蓝孔雀类群。

英文摘要：

In this paper, 15 DNA sequences spanning 516 bp of the mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene （including 10 for P. muticus, and 5 for P. cristatus ） were determined by using the method of PCR product direct sequencing. Combining with the published cytochrome-b gene sequences of peacock in NCBI database together, we conducted sequence analysis to investigate the genetic divergence within the group or between the groups of P. muticus and P. cristatus, and constructed phylogenetic trees by using the NJ method and ME method with Callus gallus and Phasianus colchicus as the outgroups. The results revealed that the genetic diversity within P. cristatus was lower than within P. muticus. Average number of nucleotide differences and net genetic distance between P. muticus and P. cristatus were 21. 417 and 0. 039 ± 0. 01, respectively. The divergence time between P. muticus and P. cristatus was at least 2.96 Million years based on the substitution rate of nucleotide acid of eytothrome b gene inGalliformes. Our results suggested that P. muticus and P. cristatus are 2 distinct species. The phylogenetic trees constructed in this study indicated that all the sequences were clustered in 2 major clades （viz. P. muticus and P. cristatus） with high bootstrap support values. Further more, our results supported that there are 2 kinds of P. muticus in Yunnan Province, China, and they are likely two subspecies. Our results still supported that white peafowl and pied peafowl belonged to the species of P. cristatus.