中文摘要：

采用PCR产物直接测序技术对56头沼泽型水牛和26头河流型水牛Y染色体性别决定基因（SRY）的完整编码区及部分侧翼区序列进行了测定和比较分析，结果显示所有沼泽型水牛的SRY基因编码序列一致，所有河流型水牛的SRY基因编码序列也一致；但沼泽型水牛和河流型水牛之间SRY基因编码区序列相比在c．202位点存在一个G〉C替换，这个碱基差异属于错义突变，导致了p．G68R，即编码的第68位氨基酸在沼泽型水牛为甘氨酸G，而在河流型水牛为精氨酸R；经群体检测确定SRY基因C．202G〉C变异为沼泽型水牛和河流型水牛之间普遍存在的现象，而其他牛科物种在此位置不存在差异。本研究使用的PCR引物可以作为水牛性别鉴定的特异性引物，而发现的差异位点也可以作为区分沼泽型与河流型水牛和水牛群体雄性介导基因流检测的分子标记。

英文摘要：

Abstract： The complete coding region and partial flanking regions of the sex-determining region Y （SRY） gene from 56 swamp buffaloes and 26 river buffaloes were sequenced bidirectionally using PCR products directly. There was no polymorphism in the SRY gene within swamp and river type buffalo populations, whereas there was one c. 202 G 〉 C nueleotide variation between swamp buffalo and river buffalo. This resulted in the p. G68R difference in the 68th amino acid, and its encoding amino acid change from glycine （G） in swamp buffalo to arginine （R） in river buffalo. The population genetic detection proved the variation of c. 202 G 〉 C was widespread between swamp and river buffaloes, but not found in other bovidae species. The primers used in this study can be employed in the sex identification of buffalo. The variation of c. 202 G 〉 C difference of the SRY gene can also be used as a molecular marker to distinguish water buffalo from river buffalo and identify the introgression of patrilineal buffalo.