中文摘要：

催乳素对水牛乳腺发育、泌乳和乳蛋白基因的表达有明显的调控作用。该研究采用直接测序并结合PCR-SSCP技术,分析沼泽型水牛和河流型水牛12个群体385个个体的催乳素基因（PRL）第4外显子（exon4）的遗传特征。结果表明：水牛PRLexon4由180个核苷酸组成,在不同物种中具有高度保守性。序列分析发现水牛中该外显子的第109位碱基处有C〉T替换,为沉默突变,与泌乳性状之间无显著相关性。在9个沼泽型水牛群体中均检测到该突变位点,其中PBA基因在7个沼泽型水牛群体中为优势基因,PBB基因在德宏和富钟群体中为优势基因,沼泽型水牛群体中PBA基因频率在0.400～0.917之间,群体平均值为0.629±0.049,具有地域分布特征。在3个河流型水牛群体中,第109位核苷酸处均为C,未检测到多态。提示河流型水牛与沼泽型水牛已有较大的遗传分化。

英文摘要：

The prolactin exerts obvious adjustment and control function for mammary gland development, lactation and milk protein gene expression in water buffalo. In this study the sequence features and polymorphisms of the exon 4 in prolactin gene were examined in 385 individuals which came from 12 river and swamp type buffalo populations using DNA direct sequencing and PCR-SSCP methods. The results showed that the sequence of exon 4 in prolactin gene was consists of 180 nucleotides, the fragment had high conservative character in different species. The e4. 109 CT substitution was detected in nine swamp buffalo populations, and it was a silent mutation and was not associated with the traits of milk yield in buffalo. The PBA gene was the predominant gene in seven swamp type buffalo populations, while PBB gene was the dominant gene in Dehong and Fuzhong populations. The frequencies of PBA in swamp type buffalo was 0.400 ？ 0.917 and the average value was 0.629±0.049. The polymorphism wasn’t found in river buffalo, all the samples from river buffalo were holding nucleotides e4.109 C. The results indicate that there is distinct genetic differentiation between swamp and river type buffalo.