中文摘要：

他留乌骨鸡、兰坪绒毛鸡和武定鸡为分布于云南西北部和中部地区的优良地方鸡遗传资源。本研究采用mtDNA母系遗传标记，对这3个地方鸡的群体遗传变异进行了检测和遗传多样性分析。在他留乌骨鸡中检测到33个核苷酸变异位点，共定义16种单倍型，单倍型多样度为0．855±0．036，核苷酸多样度为0．01715±0．00058，群体内遗传距离为0．018士0．004；在兰坪绒毛鸡中发现18个核苷酸变异位点，共定义7种单倍型，单倍型多样度为0．5454-0．079，核苷酸多样度为0．00465±0．00129，群体内遗传距离为0．005±0．001；在武定鸡中观测到36个变异位点，共定义26种单倍型，单倍型多样度为0．9224-0．018，核苷酸多样度为0．01534±0．00080，群体内遗传距离为0．016±0．003。单倍型中介网络分析显示：他留乌骨鸡和武定鸡均包含A，B，E，F，G和H等6个母系世系，但各世系的构成比存在较大差异：他留乌骨鸡中A，B，E，F，G和H世系的构成比为35．19％，5．55％，5．55％，16．67％，27．78％，9．26％，而在武定鸡中却为34．72％，22．22％，12．50％，12．50％，15．28％，2．78％；兰坪绒毛鸡仅含有A，F和G等3个世系，构成比为2．13％，89．36％，8．51％，云南土著鸡血统占97．87％，主要由F世系构成。上述结果揭示云南3个地方鸡群体存在较大遗传分化，他留乌骨鸡和武定鸡群体变异丰富，兰坪绒毛鸡群体变异较为贫乏，但其母系遗传组成独特。本研究结果支持家鸡多个母系起源的论点。

英文摘要：

Taliu black-boned chicken, Lanping silky chicken and Wuding chicken are excellent indige- nous chicken resources in the northwestern and central areas of Yunnan Province, China. In this study, the population variations and genetic diversity of the three indigenous chicken populations were analysed by adopting mtDNA as maternal genetic markers. A total of 33 nucleotide variable sites were identified in Taliu black-boned chicken that defined 16 haplotype. The haplotype diversity was 0. 855 ± 0. 036, nueleotide diversity was 0. 017 15 ±0. 000 58 and the average genetic distance was 0. 018 ±0. 004 in this population. In Lanping silky chicken, 18 nucleotide mutation sites were discovered, which defined 7 haplotype. The haplotype diversity, nucleotide diversity and average genetic distance were 0. 545 ± 0. 079, 0. 004 65 ±0. 001 29 and 0. 005 ±0. 001 in this chicken, respectively. There were altogether 36 nucleotide mutation sites found in Wuding chicken, which determined 26 haplotype. The haplotype di- versity, nucleotide diversity and average genetic distance within the population were 0. 922 ± 0. 018, 0. 015 34 ±0. 000 80, 0. 016 ＋0. 003, severally. Median-joining network profiles of the haplotype indi- cated that Taliu black-boned chicken and Wuding chicken all contained six maternal lineages, A, B, E, F, G and H. However, constituent ratios of the lineages were significantly different. Such as, the proportion of A, B, E, F, G and H lineage was 35.19% , 5.55%, 5.5%, 16. 67%, 27. 78%, 9. 26% in Taliu black-boned chicken, but the percentage of A, B, E, F, G and H lineages of Wuding chicken was 34. 72%, 22. 22%, 12. 50%, 12. 50%, 15.28%, 2. 78%. Lanping silky chicken only contained A, F, G lineages which accounted for 2. 13%, 89. 36%, 8. 51%, respectively. The ratio of indigenous chicken blood was 97.87% which mainly consisted of F lineage. The results revealed that a larger genetic divergence existed among three indigenous chicken populations. Variations in Taliu black-boned chicken and Wuding chicken were