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中文摘要：
提出了一种利用真空蒸馏从脆硫铅锑精矿中分离闪锌矿的方法,从理论上分析了闪锌矿与脆硫铅锑精矿分离的可行性并开展了实验研究。理论计算结果表明,Sb2S3,PbS,ZnS和FeS在实验温度范围内挥发性依次减弱且不会分解。对实验样品采取化学分析及X射线衍射和能量色散谱物相分析,探究蒸馏温度和保温时间对闪锌矿分离富集效果的影响,分析结果表明,通过真空蒸馏脆硫铅锑精矿的方法可以实现闪锌矿与其他硫化物的分离和富集,在温度为1073~1573 K,随着蒸馏温度和保温时间的增加,锌的富集比出现先增加后稳定的趋势,蒸馏温度的对闪锌矿分离的影响大于保温时间。当保温时间为1.0 h,蒸馏温度为1473 K,系统压力为50 Pa时,锌以闪锌矿形式存在于冷凝盘中,锌含量高达66.32%,接近于纯硫化锌中锌的含量66.67%。该方法为脆硫铅锑矿的冶炼提供的新方法,同时为含有闪锌矿的其他矿物提取闪锌矿提供了新思路。
英文摘要：
Separation of sphalerite from jamesonite concentrate by vacuum distillation was mathematically modeled,theoretically analyzed,and experimentally investigated.The impact of the distillation temperature,holding time and pressure on the separation and enrichment of sphalerite was evaluated with X-ray diffraction,energy dispersive spectroscopy and conventional chemical analysis.The volatility of Sb2S3,PbS,ZnS and FeS was calculated to be in a descending order and no decomposition occurs in the experimental temperature range.The experimental results show that Zn enrichment ratio depends more strongly on the distillation temperature than on the holding time.For example,as the temperature increased from 1043 to 1473 K,the Zn-enrichment ratio rapidly increased and then slowly levelled off.Distilled at 50 Pa and 1473 K for 60 min,ZnS-phase dominated the condensate with the Zn-content of 66.32%,close to 66.67%of pure ZnS.We suggest that vacuum distillation be feasible in separation of sphalerite from Jamesonite concentrate on industrial scale.
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