中文摘要：

农产品主产区的耕地保护是关系到全国农产品供给安全的重要问题.本文以湖北省京山县为例,以环境友好型农业生产的机会成本损失为基础,综合考虑农户的受偿意愿,确定出农田生态补偿额度,并通过构建Tobit回归模型分析影响农户受偿额度的相关因素.研究表明：在对保护性耕作有经济补偿的前提下,分别有77.1%和64.7%的受访农户愿意减少化肥和农药施用量.随着化肥、农药的减少比例从〈10%增加到〉50%,农户的机会成本分别由1198、5850元·hm^-2·a^-1增加到9698、9750元·hm^-2·a^-1,农户的受偿额度分别由4750、7313元·hm^-2·a^-1增加到9781、12393元·hm^-2·a^-1,在同等减少比例下,农户对农药减少的机会成本和受偿额度都大于化肥减少的机会成本和受偿额度,且基于农户意愿的受偿额度要大于其机会成本损失额度.距离城镇远近、对农田生态环境的认知、改善农田生态环境期望指数对农户减少化肥施用受偿额度有正向显著影响,而受教育程度和村集体经济状况有负向显著影响.家庭农业收入占比、对农田生态环境的认知、改善农田生态环境期望指数对农户减少农药施用受偿额度有正向显著影响,而家庭年现金收入和村集体经济状况有负向显著影响.

英文摘要：

Farmland protection is a pressing issue in China＇ s major agricultural regions because of the strategic importance of these regions for national food security. This study quantified the appro- priate ecological compensation criteria for farmland protection by way of estimating farmers＇ oppor- tunity cost and willingness to adopt environment-friendly farming practices. Based on survey data collected from Jingsan County, Hubei Province, a Tobit model was constructed to identify factors af- fecting farmers＇ willingness to accept （WTA）. The result showed that with appropriate economic compensation for farmland protection, 77.1% and 64.7% of the surveyed households were willing to reduce usage of fertilizers and pesticides. When the reduced rates of fertilizer and pesticide in- creased from 〈10% to 〉50%, farmers＇ opportunity costs of production respectively increased from 1198 and 5850 yuan to 9698 and 9750 yuan per hectare per year, and their WTA increased from 4750 and 7313 yuan to 9781 and 12393 yuan per hectare per year. Farmers＇ opportunity cost and WTA in reducing pesticide inputs were larger than those in reducing the same rate of fertilizer in- puts, and in each case farmers＇ WTA was greater than their opportunity cost. A farm＇ s distance from township, farmers＇ knowledge about the ecology of farmland, and their expectation to improve the ecological environment of farmland had positive, significant effect on the far-mers＇ WTA to re- ducing fertilization, while farmers＇ education level and the overall economic condition of the villagehad significantly negative effect. The proportion of agriculture income, farmers＇ knowledge about the ecology of farmland, and their expectation to improve the ecological environment of farmland had positive, significant effect on the farmers＇ WTA to reducing pesticide, while household＇ cash income and the overall economic condition of the village had significantly negative effect.