中文摘要：

全球每年由于燃煤发电产生的粉煤灰为750 Mt,但是利用率低于50%。大量的粉煤灰堆积在储灰场中,对生态环境造成极大的危害,同时对土地资源也造成极大的浪费。本文综述了一些粉煤灰中主要的元素的浸出与提取技术。同时也阐述了元素浸出的基础因素。灰中大多数元素的流动性对p H值非常敏感。其中铝元素在粉煤灰中含量非常丰富,当p H＆lt;4和p H=9-11时,溶解度急剧增大。目前,国内粉煤灰提取铝主要是酸浸法和碱浸法。对硅、铁元素的浸出行为以及国内常用的提取技术进行了阐述;对钙、镁、钛、钾、钠、硫几种元素的浸出行为也进行了探讨。现今,粉煤灰的精细化利用已经逐渐成为主流的发展方向。

英文摘要：

Coal-based power generation produces over 750 Mt of coal ash per year globally,but under 50% of world production is utilised. Large amounts of fly ash are disposed of in ash landfills,and can cause great harm to the ecological environment,also cause great waste on land resources at the same time. The leaching and extraction of the main element in the fly ash was reviewed. It also presented the fundamentals of the elements leaching. The mobility of most elements contained in ash was markedly p H sensitive. The content of aluminum elements in fly ash was very rich,when the p H4and p H = 9 ~ 11,the solubility increased dramatically. At present,domestic aluminum ash extraction methods involved alkaline leaching and acid leaching method. Silicon,iron leaching behavior and commonly used extraction techniques was described. Leaching behaviors of calcium,magnesium,titanium,potassium,sodium and sulfur were also discussed.Today,fine fly ash utilization has gradually become the main development direction.