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中文摘要：
竖井式出水口水流受弯道段和竖直段影响，竖井周边各分流孔出流不易调整均匀，同时分流孔底板附近易出现反向流速。本文在数学模型得到试验验证的基础上，采用RNGκ-ε紊流模型，对具有弯道的竖井式出水121流动特性进行三维数值模拟，分析了弯道段体型和竖直段长度对出流均匀性的影响。计算结果表明，渐缩弯道与等直径弯道比较，当竖直段长度均为2D（D为竖直段直径）时，渐缩弯道的竖井式出水口各分流孔出流较均匀；若采用等直径弯道，对应竖直段的长度增加6D～8D时，其出流均匀程度与渐缩弯道的相当。研究成果对抽水蓄能电站竖井式进／出水口的设计具有指导意义。
英文摘要：
Flow at the outlet of a drop shaft structure is difficult to achieve uniformity under the influence of its bend and straight sections. Meanwhile, reverse flow tends to occur near the diversion orifices, A RNG k-e turbulence model was adopted in this study with experimental verification to make a three- dimensional numerical simulation on flow characteristics near the bend outlet of a drop shaft, and the effects of bend type and straight pipe length on the flow uniformity have been analyzed. The results show that if the length of straight pipe section is fixed at 2D （D is the diameter of straight pipe）, a bend of gradual contraction can produce more uniform outflow than a regular bend of equal diameter （fixed and equal to the diameter of contraction outlet）. If equal diameters are adopted, the outflow uniformity of two bends is comparable when the length of straight pipe adds 6D - 8D, The results are significant in guidance for design of the drop shaft inlet and outlet of pumped storage plants.
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