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不同供Zn量对三种小麦基因型幼苗生长和养分吸收的影响

ISSN号：1008-505X
期刊名称：《植物营养与肥料学报》
时间：0
分类：S143.72[农业科学—肥料学;农业科学—农业基础科学]
作者机构：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100
相关基金：国家自然科学基金重点项目（30230230）;西北农林科技大学青年学术骨干支持计划（2006）;教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划（2006）资助.

关键词：供Zn量, 小麦基因型, 幼苗生长, 养分吸收, Zn supply rate, wheat genotype, seedling growth, nutrient uptake largest tolerance to Zn toxicity among

中文摘要：

采用溶液培养方法,研究了不同供Zn量（0、0.5、104、0 mg/L,分别用Zn0、Zn0.5、Zn10、Zn40表示）对三种亲缘关系很远的半冬性小麦基因型郑麦9023、陕512、西农979幼苗生长发育及Zn、Fe、Mn吸收的影响,以期为筛选耐高锌的小麦基因型提供理论依据。结果表明,不供Zn时小麦幼苗未出现缺Zn症状;Zn0.5对小麦的正常生长影响较小。三种基因型小麦的幼苗在过量供Zn（Zn10、Zn40）时均受到严重伤害：抑制小麦分蘖、根系及地上部生长,叶片叶绿素SPAD值显著降低,小麦植株尤其是根部的耐性指数降低;施入的Zn的转运率显著降低,却大大提高了小麦植株尤其是根部的Zn含量和吸收量,但Zn10时幼苗体内Zn含量和吸收量大于Zn40,且Zn10比Zn40更能在根部积累Zn。Zn与Fe的吸收在根部似乎表现为互助作用,而地上部表现为颉颃作用;Zn与Mn之间表现出强烈的颉颃作用。过量供Zn时以西农979耐性指数最大,Zn转运率最高,植株体内的Fe、Mn含量也高。总之,供Zn量为通常配方的51-0倍时对小麦幼苗的生长尚无明显影响;1002-00和4008-00倍时则能对小麦幼苗造成严重伤害,三种供试小麦基因型中以西农979对过量Zn毒害的耐性最强。

英文摘要：

In order to find wheat genotypes with tolerance to high rates of Zn, a solution culture experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of different Zn supply rates （Zn0, Zn0.5, Zn10, Zn40 were used to represent Zn rates at 0, 0.5, 10, 40 mg Zn/L, respectively） on growth and Zn, Mn and Fe uptake of seedling plants of three semi-winteriness winter wheat genotypes. The obtained results showed that no obvious zinc deficiency symptoms were observed in wheat plants receiving no Zn supply. At Zn0.5 level, wheat plants also grew normally. Wheat plants of all the three genotypes tested were significantly affected in a negative way at high supplying rates （Zn10 and Zn40）, with tiller, growth of root and shoot being inhibited, and leaf chlorophyll SPAD values and tolerance index （especially for root parts） being reduced. However, high rates of Zn greatly increased Zn concentration and uptake in various parts of wheat plants, especially in roots. It should be pointed out that Zn concentration and uptake, as well as Zn accumulation in roots at Zn10 were higher than that at Zn40. Zn and Fe stimulated each other＇s absorption in roots, but inhibited each other in shoots, while Zn and Mn only had antagonistic effect on each other. Under the conditions of excessive Zn supply, Xinong 979 had the highest tolerance index, translocation rate of Zn and Fe, and Mn concentration among the three genotypes. In conclusion, when Zn was supplied 5-10 times of normal rate to wheat plants, there was not obvious negative effect on growth and development of winter wheat plants. However, when Zn was supplied at 100-200 or 400-800 times of normal rates, the wheat plants would be harmed severely due to Zn toxicity. Xinong 979 had the the three genotypes.

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