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中文摘要：
在黄土高原南部旱区,通过田间试验研究了地表覆盖在不同氮水平下对冬小麦生长和氮素累积及转移的影响。结果表明,覆膜显著增加冬小麦各生育期干物质的积累,提高干物质转移量或花后干物质累积量;覆草显著增加生长后期干物质累积量,随种植年限的增加,覆草能显著增加冬小麦生物产量和子粒产量,其增产作用与覆膜无显著差异。覆膜亦能显著增加冬小麦各生育期氮素的积累,提高氮素转移量;覆草显著增加了生长后期氮的累积,随种植年限的增加,覆草对地上部吸氮量和子粒吸氮量的影响与覆膜无显著差异。施用氮肥显著增加了各生育期干物质和氮素的累积,促进花后干物质的累积和花前累积氮的再转移,显著提高了冬小麦地上部和子粒吸氮量及生物产量和子粒产量。
英文摘要：
Field experiment was carried out at the south part of the Loess Plateau, to study the effects of different soil surface mulching methods and N rate on winter wheat growth and nitrogen accumulation and translocation in plant in different years. The results showed that mulching soil surface with plastic film increased dry matter accumulation in the growth period from reviving stage to harvesting stage, improved dry matter translocation or dry matter accumulation after anthesis. Mulching with wheat straw promoted dry matter accumulation in reproductive stage, and with the extension of cropping years, wheat straw mulching increased biomass and grain yield and showed no significant difference compared with the plastic film mulching. The results also showed that plastic film mulching increased N accumulation from reviving stage to harvesting stage and N translocation during reproductive stage. Wheat straw mulching promoted N accumulation after anthesis, and showed no significant difference in increasing N uptake in plant and grain compared with the plastic film mulching with the extension of cropping years. Nitrogen fertilization significantly increased dry matter and N accumu- lation in winter wheat at each growth period, promoted post-anthesis dry matter accumulation and redistribution of N accumulated before flowering, and significantly increased biomass and grain yield, as well as their N uptake.
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