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中文摘要：
通过位于陕西杨凌的为期6年的田间定位试验,研究了长期覆盖栽培（常规、垄沟、覆草及控水）及施氮量（N0、120、240 kg/hm^2）对小麦-玉米轮作体系作物产量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,与常规模式相比,垄沟和覆草模式均显著增加了玉米子粒产量,对小麦子粒产量的影响未达显著水平,控水模式降低了玉米和小麦的产量。4种不同栽培模式对玉米-小麦6年总产量的贡献大小顺序为：垄沟〉覆草〉常规〉控水,差异达显著水平。垄沟模式显著提高了玉米和小麦的水分利用效率;覆草和控水模式显著提高了玉米的水分利用效率,对小麦水分利用效率的提高未达显著水平。不同栽培模式下,玉米和小麦的总水分利用效率的大小顺序为：垄沟〉覆草〉控水〉常规,差异达显著水平。与未施氮肥相比,施氮N 120和240 kg/hm^2显著提高了玉米、小麦的产量和水分利用效率,但两施肥处理间产量和水分利用效率差异不显著。
英文摘要：
A field experiment started in 2003,located at Yangling,Shaanxi Province,was conducted to study the effects of long-term cultivation patterns and nitrogen rates on the yields and water use efficiency of winter wheat-summer maize rotation system.The results showed that straw mulching and furrow planting cultivation patterns significantly increased the grain yields of summer maize,and had little effect on the yields of winter wheat compared to conventional cultivation pattern.Water-controlled pattern decreased the yields of summer maize and winter wheat.The total grain yields of summer maize and winter wheat in the past 6-years decreased in the following order： furrow planting〉straw mulching〉 conventional〉 water-controlled.Furrow planting pattern significantly increased water use efficiency of winter wheat and summer maize.Straw mulching and water-controlled patterns had significantly increased the water use efficiency of summer maize,but had little effect on that of winter wheat.Total water use efficiency under winter wheat-summer maize rotation system decreased in the following order： furrow planting〉straw mulching 〉water-controlled〉 conventional.Nitrogen rates at 120 and 240 kg/ha significantly increased the yields and water use efficiency of winter wheat and summer maize compared to the no nitrogen fertilizer treatment,but the differences between the two nitrogen rates（N120 and 240 kg/ha）was not significant.
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