中文摘要：

有机激光器因其制备简单，价格低廉和易于集成等优势，一直以来备受科研工作者的关注．与无机激光介质相比，有机激光材料来源广泛，并具有发射光谱宽，吸收与发射截面积大等特性，因而有很大的发展潜力．本文从激光的基本原理出发，对有机激光材料的种类、特性进行了归纳，并总结了高效有机激光材料的普遍特征；分类讨论了常见有机激光微腔的类型与特点，对有机激光系统内增益与损耗之间的动态关系进行了探讨．鉴于实现电抽运激光一直以来都是有机激光领域期待解决的难题，本文重点讨论了当前电抽运有机激光的研究现状和发展瓶颈，以及科研工作者们对此问题的不懈探索和已有的工作基础．最后总结了光抽运有机激光近年来的总体进展，未来的研究方向，这对于读者拓展新的研究思路有很好的参考和借鉴意义．

英文摘要：

Laser has been widely applied in the scientific and industrial areas, including materials, medicine, military and telecommunications, due to its extremely well-defined frequency, narrow divergence and high intensity. In recent fifty years, various laser sources have been developed. The laser output power, pulse duration, and attainable wavelengths have been greatly improved. To date, further optimization on laser is mainly focused on the three aspects： an effective gain medium capable of amplifying light, a convenient pump source, and a high efficient resonator （or cavity）. Among these aspects, the gain medium plays a very important role in the generation of efficient and high-quality laser. Lots of laser materials have been explored and developed, among them, organic laser materials, small molecules or polymers based on 7r-conjugated structure, have been attracting more and more attention in the current research of high efficiency laser. Organic laser have advantages such as simple fabrication, low cost, easy integration, and so on. Although the organic lasers with optical pump source have been extensively researched, the issues how to achieve electrically pumped organic lasers, or the so-called organic laser diodes, still remain unsolved. Nevertheless, the prospects of organic laser are very promising, such as its application in spectroscopy, chemical sensor （e.g. trinitrotoluene or DNA sequences） and short-haul data communication. In this review, we try to draw a picture of the organic laser research form its first appearence till the end of 2014, with emphasis on the latest progress and variation trends, instead of providing a complete survey of organic laser research. In the first part of this paper, different types of organic materials used for lasers are briefly reviewed. First, basic rules for the selection of suitable materials for organic lasing are summaried as： 1） the appropriate energy level distribution for creating four-level systems; 2） a high-stimulated emission cross-section ae,