一锅法(one-pot method)合成螺环芳烃具有原料易得、锅.原子.步骤经济(PASE)等优势,成为绿色有机半导体的典范.本文回顾了螺环芳烃分子砌块及其应用于电子器件领域的历史,重点论述了以螺芴氧杂蒽(sFx)为代表的螺环芳烃的串联反应,SFX类有机半导体四元分子设计平台与其有机电致发光材料(包括深蓝色荧光有机电致发光二极管(OLEDs)材料、磷光三基色主体材料、磷光客体材料)的研究进展.其中,哑铃型SFX深蓝色荧光OLEDs器件的电流效率、功率效率、外量子效率分别为7,4cd/A,4.1lm/W,4石%;SFX基电致磷光OLEDs的电流效率、功率效率、外量子效率分别为70.0ed/A,77.0Im/W,19.2%;同时实现了应用于磷光OLEDs的三基色与白光的单一主体材料.最后,展望了螺环芳烃的绿色合成方法、SFX类OLED显示与照明技术、电子学其他领域及智能器件等方面的可能应用.
One-pot protocol to spiro-based organic semiconductors has several advantages such as low-cost stuffs available, pot-atom-step economic (PASE) procedures, and others over the conventional o-halobiaryl method, representing the paradigm of green organic semiconductors (GOS) with the application of information technology. Herein, this review traces back to the history of spiro-compounds, including synthesis, structures and the application of electronics, followed by the discovery on one-pot synthesis of spirocyclic arenes with the merit of tandem mechanism that involves three bonding at once. We demonstrated the SFX-based molecular design platform under the four-element theory to organic semiconductors, affording a chance to get insight into structure-parameter relationship. Finally, we highlighted the SFX-based electroluminescent materials, including various fluorescent materials, RGB phosphorescent host and guest materials as well as printable OLEDs materials. Among them, the best deep-blue fluorescent OLED exhibits the maximum current efficiency (CE), the maximum power efficiency (PE) and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 7.4 cd/A, 4.1 lm/W, 4.6%, respectively; the obtained green phosphorescent OLED with the CE of 70.0 cd/A, PE of 77.0 lm/W, EQE of 19.2%, as well as universal host materials for phosphorescent OLEDs. Finally, we outlook the spiro-based GOSs, including the obstacle of synthetic methodology to spiro-arenes, application bottleneck for OLEDs display and lighting source, potential explorations in other electronics, molecular circuits as well as smart devices.