β-肾上腺素能系统在调控心血管系统的结构和功能中起到重要的作用。20世纪80年代末发现了β_3-肾上腺素能受体(β_3-AR),其参与了心血管疾病的病理生理过程。与β1-AR、β2-AR的结构和功能不同,β_3-AR是通过抑制性G蛋白(Gi)内皮型一氧化氮合酶(e NOS)环磷酸鸟苷(c GMP)蛋白激酶G(PKG)通路,介导心脏的负性肌力作用。心力衰竭时,交感神经被持续激活,出现β1-AR下调、β2-AR脱偶联、β_3-AR持续的上调作用,而过度激活会造成心脏一系列的改变。
β-adrenergic system plays a key role in the regulation of cardiovascular structure and function.In the late 1980 s β_3-adrenergic receptor(β_3-AR) was found and considered to be involved in the pathological process of cardiovascular disease.Different from the structure and function of β1and β2adrenoceptor subtypes,β_3adrenoceptor can mediate the negative inotropic effect by inhibiting the pathway of endothelial NO synthase(e NOS) c GMP protein kinase G(PKG) cascade.Once the occurence of heart failure,sympathetic activation is sustained and there is β1-AR down,β2-AR uncoupling.Then β_3-AR is upregulated and over activated,resulting in a series of changes of the heart.