中文摘要：

“丝绸之路经济带”的战略构想既为沿线国家带来了经济社会发展和加强区域合作的历史性机遇，也面临着诸多约束与挑战。水资源安全问题便是我国在推进丝绸之路经济带建设过程中应该高度重视的战略性和前瞻性问题之一。本文以丝绸之路经济带所涉及的我国西北地区、中亚地区和西亚地区等重点区域为案例，对这些典型区域存在的水资源安全问题（包括水资源分布特征、水资源需求特征、生态环境条件）以及跨界水资源的争端与合作历史等进行了深入分析。针对丝绸之路经济带建设过程中面临的这些水资源问题，并借鉴中亚和西亚地区跨界河流管理中的经验和教训，从战略布局角度为我国政府和决策部门提供了对策建议。丝绸之路经济带所联系的地域范围远超出某一具体跨界河流流域的范围，丝绸之路经济带沿线国家所面临的水资源安全保障问题将受到更为复杂多样的多元化约束。我国应以制定与中亚邻国间的水资源协同开发战略框架为牵引，通过倡导构建沿丝绸之路经济带的水资源合作走廊，完善跨界水资源合作机制，加强跨地区水资源合作；并注重加强跨地区水资源协同开发和保护的关键技术研究和信息监测工作，完善水资源安全的支撑体系。

英文摘要：

The strategy of Silk Road Economic Belt brings about both opportunities of social-economic development and regional cooperation for countries along this belt, and many potential constraints and challenges. Water resources safety is one of strategic and prospective issues in promoting the economic belt construction, which should be paid high attention to. In this study, some key regions involved in the economic belt, including Northwest China, Central Asia and West Asia, were selected as the cases. And in-depth analyses of water resources security problems, including water distribution, water demand and environmental conditions, and transboundary water disputes and cooperation practices of these tranboundary basins had been conducted. To solve these water problems in the construction process of economic belt, and on the basis of experiences and lessons learned from transboundary river management in Central Asia and West Asia regions, countermeasure suggestions have been proposed from the perspective of strategic layout for Chinese government and policy-making sectors. The territorial scope linked to the Silk Road Economic Belt extends far beyond the scope of a specific tranboundary river basin, and so countries along the belt are facing with more complex and multiple constraints of water security problem. China should develop a strategic framework of water resources to coordinate development with neighboring countries in Central Asia, which should be followed with a propose to build water cooperation corridor in the economic belt along the Silk Road, in order to improve transboundary water cooperation mechanism to strengthen regional cooperation in water resources. Besides, the support system of the water resources security should be improved by focusing on strengthening critical technology research and information monitoring of regional co-development of water resources and protection.